TABLE 5.

Effects of ethanol, acetaldehyde, and acetate on intracellular production of IL-1α, IL-1β, TNF-α, and TGF-β in clone 43 cells^a

Treatment	Production (pg/ml) of cytokineb:
	IL-1α		IL-1β		TNF-α		TGF-β
	Supernatant	Lysate	Supernatant	Lysate	Supernatant	Lysate	Supernatant	Lysate
None	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
LPS (1 μg/ml)	398 ± 150	295 ± 173	925 ± 257	853 ± 212	675 ± 200	723 ± 275	498 ± 190	412 ± 212
Ethanol
25 mM	298 ± 125	275 ± 155	735 ± 189	631 ± 210	521 ± 134	575 ± 121	93 ± 41	108 ± 53
75 mM	175 ± 74	198 ± 101	361 ± 91	315 ± 150	295 ± 151	287 ± 111	153 ± 73	178 ± 98
150 mM	85 ± 21	103 ± 53	138 ± 73	178 ± 73	173 ± 81	113 ± 53	311 ± 98	275 ± 178
Acetaldehyde
25 mM	308 ± 123	190 ± 103	801 ± 210	601 ± 110	595 ± 121	624 ± 138	98 ± 48	58 ± 21
75 mM	137 ± 81	153 ± 84	312 ± 112	258 ± 98	307 ± 131	298 ± 151	126 ± 51	101 ± 63
150 mM	75 ± 19	83 ± 24	101 ± 37	97 ± 21	121 ± 67	151 ± 63	321 ± 101	298 ± 98
Acetate
25 mM	281 ± 121	273 ± 119	834 ± 177	703 ± 198	627 ± 100	598 ± 103	87 ± 35	77 ± 32
75 mM	130 ± 62	128 ± 66	780 ± 130	299 ± 101	433 ± 190	397 ± 113	157 ± 70	144 ± 95
150 mM	74 ± 21	63 ± 18	250 ± 110	101 ± 60	111 ± 39	98 ± 17	357 ± 180	401 ± 155

^aThe clone 43 cells were treated with various concentrations (25, 75, and 150 mM) of ethanol, acetaldehyde, and acetate for 16 h, washed in PBS, and stimulated with LPS (1 μg/ml) for 16 h. Cytokine determinations were performed simultaneously with the culture supernatants and cell lysates by direct-binding enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. 

^bData represent means ± standard errors from three separate experiments.