Table 3.
Gender-Specific Distribution of TB Clinical Presentation Defined by Affected Anatomic Site and Male to Female Odds Ratio (M/F Risk Ratio) for Each Anatomic Site Based on the Analysis of 24 277 TB Patients Diagnosed in Harare, Zimbabwe During 2011–2017 Using Multinomial Logistic Regression
| Female (%) | Male (%) | Unadjusted M/F Odds Ratio (95% CI) |
a
Adjusted M/F Odds Ratio (95% CI) |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PTB | 8189 (41.0) | 11 779 (59.0) | Ref | Ref |
| Abdominal TB | 121 (57.6) | 89 (42.4) | 0.51 (.39–.67) | 0.51 (.39–.68) |
| Lymphadenitis | 202 (44.6) | 251 (55.4) | 0.86 (.72–1.04) | 0.88 (.73–1.07) |
| Miliary TB | 212 (41.8) | 295 (58.2) | 0.97 (.81–1.16) | 0.95 (.79–1.14) |
| Other EPTB | 340 (50.7) | 331 (49.3) | 0.68 (.58–.79) | 0.69 (.59–.81) |
| Pericarditis | 98 (45.4) | 118 (54.6) | 0.84 (.64–1.10) | 0.84 (.64–1.10) |
| Pleural Effusion | 694 (39.1) | 1080 (60.9) | 1.08 (.98–1.20) | 1.06 (.96–1.17) |
| TB Bones/Joints/Spine | 65 (50.4) | 64 (49.6) | 0.69 (.48–.97) | 0.63 (.45–.90) |
| TB Meningitis | 150 (43.0) | 199 (57.0) | 0.92 (.75–1.14) | 1.00 (.80–1.24) |
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; EPTB, extrapulmonary tuberculosis; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; PTB, pulmonary tuberculosis; TB, tuberculosis.
a
Adjusted for year of diagnosis, HIV status, healthcare setting, age group, and treatment history.