TABLE 1. Demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with COVID-19* and those treated with four outpatient medications† and the percentage of COVID-19 patients treated with each medication among adults aged ≥20 years ― PCORnet, the National Patient-Centered Clinical Research Network, 30 U.S. sites, January–July 2022.
| Characteristic | No. (column %) |
% of COVID-19 patients treated (row %), by medication type§ |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patients with COVID-19 | COVID-19 patients treated, by medication type |
||||||||
| Paxlovid | mAbs | Lagevrio | Veklury | Paxlovid | mAbs | Lagevrio | Veklury | ||
|
Total
|
692,570 (100) |
81,373 (100) |
18,949 (100) |
7,262 (100) |
4,721 (100) |
11.7 |
2.7 |
1.0 |
0.7 |
|
Age group, yrs
| |||||||||
| 20–49 |
366,552 (52.9) |
26,290 (32.3) |
5,008 (26.4) |
1,775 (24.4) |
835 (17.7) |
7.2 |
1.4 |
0.5 |
0.2 |
| 50–64 |
172,654 (24.9) |
24,825 (30.5) |
5,028 (26.5) |
2,188 (30.1) |
1,227 (26.0) |
14.4 |
2.9 |
1.3 |
0.7 |
| 65–79 |
118,109 (17.1) |
24,645 (30.3) |
6,568 (34.7) |
2,560 (35.3) |
1,685 (35.7) |
20.9 |
5.6 |
2.2 |
1.4 |
| ≥80 |
35,255 (5.1) |
5,608 (6.9) |
2,345 (12.4) |
739 (10.2) |
974 (20.6) |
15.9 |
6.7 |
2.1 |
2.8 |
| Missing |
0 (—) |
5 (0) |
0 (—) |
0 (—) |
0 (—) |
NC |
NC |
NC |
NC |
|
Sex
| |||||||||
| Male |
273,401 (39.5) |
32,596 (40.1) |
8,085 (42.7) |
3,122 (43.0) |
2,445 (51.8) |
11.9 |
3.0 |
1.1 |
0.9 |
| Female |
418,911 (60.5) |
48,764 (59.9) |
10,861 (57.3) |
4,140 (57.0) |
2,276 (48.2) |
11.6 |
2.6 |
1.0 |
0.5 |
| Missing |
253 (0) |
13 (0) |
1 (0) |
0 (—) |
0 (—) |
NC |
NC |
NC |
NC |
|
Race
| |||||||||
| AIAN/NHOPI¶ |
7,631 (1.1) |
606 (0.7) |
120 (0.6) |
25 (0.3) |
27 (0.6) |
7.9 |
1.6 |
0.3 |
0.4 |
| Asian |
27,673 (4.0) |
3,287 (4.0) |
458 (2.4) |
149 (2.1) |
125 (2.6) |
11.9 |
1.7 |
0.5 |
0.5 |
| Black |
95,792 (13.8) |
6,714 (8.3) |
1,914 (10.1) |
860 (11.8) |
1,027 (21.8) |
7.0 |
2.0 |
0.9 |
1.1 |
| White |
472,329 (68.2) |
63,715 (78.3) |
15,373 (81.1) |
5,682 (78.2) |
3,072 (65.1) |
13.5 |
3.3 |
1.2 |
0.7 |
| Multiple or other** |
38,447 (5.6) |
3,250 (4.0) |
674 (3.6) |
220 (3.0) |
27 (0.6) |
8.5 |
1.8 |
0.6 |
0.8 |
| Missing |
50,698 (7.3) |
3,790 (4.7) |
405 (2.1) |
326 (4.5) |
303 (6.4) |
5.1 |
0.8 |
0.6 |
0.3 |
|
Ethnicity
| |||||||||
| Hispanic |
81,609 (11.8) |
5,390 (6.6) |
914 (4.8) |
314 (4.3) |
418 (8.9) |
6.6 |
1.1 |
0.4 |
0.5 |
| Non-Hispanic |
551,052 (79.6) |
70,537 (86.7) |
17,299 (91.3) |
6,491 (89.4) |
4,178 (88.5) |
12.8 |
3.1 |
1.2 |
0.8 |
| Missing |
59,909 (8.7) |
5,443 (6.7) |
736 (3.9) |
457 (6.3) |
125 (2.6) |
9.1 |
1.2 |
0.8 |
0.2 |
|
Immunocompromise
††,§§
| |||||||||
| Previous organ transplant |
9,457 (1.4) |
406 (0.5) |
2,025 (10.7) |
453 (6.2) |
411 (8.7) |
4.3 |
21.4 |
4.8 |
4.3 |
| Active cancer treatment |
17,967 (2.6) |
2,917 (3.6) |
2,255 (11.9) |
328 (4.5) |
548 (11.6) |
16.2 |
12.6 |
1.8 |
3.1 |
| Corticosteroid use |
35,737 (5.2) |
5,139 (6.3) |
3,078 (16.2) |
857 (11.8) |
1,059 (22.4) |
14.4 |
8.6 |
2.4 |
3.0 |
| Immunosuppressive medication use |
23,538 (3.4) |
3,904 (4.8) |
3,572 (18.9) |
788 (10.9) |
693 (14.7) |
16.6 |
15.2 |
3.3 |
2.9 |
|
Underlying medical condition
§§,¶¶
| |||||||||
| Asthma |
49,780 (7.2) |
8,309 (10.2) |
26 (0.1) |
819 (11.3) |
364 (7.7) |
16.7 |
0.1 |
1.6 |
0.7 |
| Autism |
961 (0.1) |
124 (0.2) |
26 (0.1) |
15 (0.2) |
5 (0.1) |
12.9 |
2.7 |
1.6 |
0.5 |
| Cancer |
39,868 (5.8) |
7,484 (9.2) |
3,742 (19.7) |
783 (10.8) |
799 (16.9) |
18.8 |
9.4 |
2.0 |
2.0 |
| Chronic kidney disease |
33,512 (4.8) |
3,319 (4.1) |
3,067 (16.2) |
890 (12.3) |
930 (19.7) |
9.9 |
9.2 |
2.7 |
2.8 |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease |
19,860 (2.9) |
2,193 (2.7) |
1,224 (6.5) |
441 (6.1) |
610 (12.9) |
11.0 |
6.2 |
2.2 |
3.1 |
| Chronic pulmonary disorder |
75,574 (10.9) |
11,532 (14.2) |
3,714 (19.6) |
1,384 (19.1) |
1,027 (21.8) |
15.3 |
4.9 |
1.8 |
1.4 |
| Cirrhosis |
4,591 (0.7) |
417 (0.5) |
402 (2.1) |
104 (1.4) |
112 (2.4) |
9.1 |
8.8 |
2.3 |
2.4 |
| Congestive heart failure |
27,345 (3.9) |
2,530 (3.1) |
2,117 (11.2) |
652 (9.0) |
967 (20.5) |
9.3 |
7.7 |
2.4 |
3.5 |
| Coronary artery disease |
40,249 (5.8) |
6,176 (7.6) |
3,201 (16.9) |
1,009 (13.9) |
963 (20.4) |
15.3 |
8.8 |
2.5 |
2.4 |
| Cystic fibrosis |
533 (0.1) |
148 (0.2) |
69 (0.4) |
27 (0.4) |
9 (0.2) |
27.8 |
12.9 |
5.1 |
1.7 |
| Dementia |
6,687 (1.0) |
598 (0.7) |
339 (1.8) |
125 (1.7) |
285 (6.0) |
8.9 |
5.1 |
1.9 |
4.3 |
| Diabetes, type 1 |
5,102 (0.7) |
852 (1.0) |
356 (1.9) |
101 (1.4) |
66 (1.4) |
16.7 |
7.0 |
2.0 |
1.3 |
| Diabetes, type 2 |
76,372 (11.0) |
10,984 (13.5) |
4,235 (22.3) |
1,475 (20.3) |
1,216 (25.8) |
14.4 |
5.5 |
1.9 |
1.6 |
| Down syndrome |
319 (0) |
63 (0.1) |
15 (0.1) |
2 (0) |
5 (0.1) |
19.7 |
4.7 |
0.6 |
1.6 |
| Hemiplegia |
2,692 (0.4) |
274 (0.3) |
134 (0.7) |
45 (0.6) |
82 (1.7) |
10.2 |
5.0 |
1.7 |
3.0 |
| HIV |
4,201 (0.6) |
626 (0.8) |
140 (0.7) |
53 (0.7) |
49 (1.0) |
14.9 |
3.3 |
1.3 |
1.2 |
| Mental health disorder |
79,080 (11.4) |
10,489 (12.9) |
3,095 (16.3) |
1,110 (15.3) |
621 (13.2) |
13.3 |
3.9 |
1.4 |
0.8 |
| Obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2) |
192,559 (27.8) |
25,425 (31.2) |
6,727 (35.5) |
2,923 (40.3) |
1,816 (38.5) |
13.2 |
3.5 |
1.5 |
0.9 |
| Smoking, current or former | 136,852 (19.8) | 15,926 (19.6) | 5,007 (26.4) | 2,053 (28.3) | 1,611 (34.1) | 12.2 | 3.8 | 1.6 | 1.2 |
Abbreviations: AIAN/NHOPI = American Indian or Alaska Native and Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander; BMI = body mass index; ICD-10-CM = International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification; mAbs = monoclonal antibodies; NC = not calculated.
* COVID-19 patients were identified by a positive SARS-CoV-2 viral test result, an ICD-10-CM diagnostic code for COVID-19 (U07.1 and U07.2), or treatment with a COVID-19 medication (Paxlovid, Lagevrio, mAbs, or Veklury).
† Patients were considered treated if they were prescribed Paxlovid or Lagevrio or administered Veklury or mAbs.
§ Receipt of any outpatient treatment was not calculated but can be estimated by summing the percentage of COVID-19 patients treated across the four medication types. This will overestimate receipt of any outpatient treatment because treatment groups were not mutually exclusive. For example, among 81,373 patients prescribed Paxlovid, 579 (0.7%) were also treated with mAbs (491 bebtelovimab), 619 (0.8%) with Lagevrio, and 203 (0.2%) with Veklury.
¶ Among 7,631 patients of AIAN/NHOPI race, 67% were AIAN and 33% were NHOPI.
**Among 38,447 patients of multiple or other race, 19% were multiple race and 81% were other race. Approximately 58% of multiple and other race patients were of Hispanic ethnicity.
†† Patients with immunocompromise were identified as follows: previous organ transplant (one or more ICD-10-CM codes at any time preceding COVID-19); active cancer treatment (three or more ICD-10-CM codes for cancer during the 6 months preceding COVID-19); corticosteroid use (two or more prescriptions during the year preceding COVID-19); and immunosuppressive medication use (one or more prescriptions for or administrations of a noncorticosteroid immunosuppressive medication during the year preceding COVID-19).
§§ Some conditions can result in a contraindication to Paxlovid use or require treatment with medications that have drug-drug interactions resulting in inability to use Paxlovid. https://www.covid19treatmentguidelines.nih.gov/therapies/antiviral-therapy/ritonavir-boosted-nirmatrelvir--paxlovid-/paxlovid-drug-drug-interactions/
¶¶ Presence of an underlying medical condition required the presence of at least two ICD-10-CM codes for that condition during the 3 years preceding COVID-19. A subset of underlying medical conditions that increase risk for severe COVID-19 outcomes was assessed. https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/hcp/clinical-care/underlyingconditions.html