Table 2.
A comparison of clinical characteristics between patients with and without persistent critical illness.
| Characteristics | Persistent critical illness | P | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No | Yes | ||
| n | 1056 | 201 | |
| Basic demographics | |||
| Age (median [IQR]) | 54.00 [41.00, 73.00] | 54.00 [43.00, 73.00] | 0.720 |
| Gender (female/male, %) | 618/438 (58.5/41.5) | 122/79 (60.7/39.3) | 0.620 |
| Admission laboratory examinations | |||
| Albumin (g/dL, mean (SD)) | 3.15 (0.62) | 2.86 (0.70) | <0.001 |
| Creatinine (mg/dL, median [IQR]) | 1.00 [0.80, 1.20] | 1.00 [0.80, 1.30] | 0.247 |
| Urea nitrogen (mg/dL, median [IQR]) | 18.00 [13.00, 26.00] | 18.00 [13.00, 24.00] | 0.865 |
| Hemoglobin (g/dL, median [IQR]) | 12.30 [10.65, 13.70] | 11.90 [10.50, 13.50] | 0.139 |
| Glucose (mg/dL, median [IQR]) | 130.00 [110.00, 159.00] | 148.00 [123.00, 193.00] | <0.001 |
| Total serum calcium (mg/dL, median [IQR]) | 8.40 [7.90, 8.80] | 8.10 [7.40, 8.70] | <0.001 |
| Hematocrit (%, median [IQR]) | 36.30 [32.00, 39.80] | 35.10 [31.10, 39.20] | 0.082 |
| Sodium (mEq/L, median [IQR]) | 139.00 [137.00, 141.00] | 140.00 [138.00, 142.00] | 0.001 |
| RDW (%, median [IQR]) | 13.70 [13.00, 14.83] | 13.70 [13.00, 14.70] | 0.730 |
| Platelet count (K/uL, median [IQR]) | 244.00 [185.00, 298.50] | 233.00 [182.00, 279.00] | 0.163 |
| Neutrophils (%, median [IQR]) | 82.00 [73.42, 88.00] | 81.10 [74.60, 88.20] | 0.859 |
| Admission blood gas analysis | |||
| pH (units, median [IQR]) | 7.36 [7.29, 7.42] | 7.33 [7.22, 7.40] | <0.001 |
| pO2 (mmHg, median [IQR]) | 143.52 [83.14, 250.34] | 119.00 [67.00, 227.00] | 0.070 |
| pCO2 (mmHg, median [IQR]) | 42.45 [37.00, 49.00] | 43.00 [38.00, 51.00] | 0.117 |
| Potassium (mEq/L, median [IQR]) | 4.00 [3.60, 4.51] | 3.90 [3.60, 4.30] | 0.068 |
| Admission vital signs | |||
| Heart rate (BPM, median [IQR]) | 90.00 [76.00, 103.00] | 94.00 [81.00, 111.00] | 0.001 |
| Respiration rate (BPM, median [IQR]) | 18.00 [15.00, 22.00] | 18.00 [15.00, 22.00] | 0.241 |
| Addictions | |||
| Tobacco use disorder (no/yes, %) | 919/137 (87.0/13.0) | 180/21 (89.6/10.4) | 0.382 |
| Alcohol abuse (no/yes, %) | 959/97 (90.8/9.2) | 183/18 (91.0/9.0) | 1.000 |
| Comorbidities | |||
| Osteoporosis (no/yes, %) | 961/95 (91.0/9.0) | 185/16 (92.0/8.0) | 0.735 |
| Hypertension (no/yes, %) | 672/384 (63.6/36.4) | 122/79 (60.7/39.3) | 0.476 |
| Respiratory failure (no/yes, %) | 896/160 (84.8/15.2) | 110/91 (54.7/45.3) | <0.001 |
| Dehydration (no/yes, %) | 1021/35 (96.7/3.3) | 198/3 (98.5/1.5) | 0.247 |
| Diabetes (no/yes, %) | 846/210 (80.1/19.9) | 154/47 (76.6/23.4) | 0.302 |
| Acute myocardial infarction (no/yes, %) | 1040/16 (98.5/1.5) | 198/3 (98.5/1.5) | 1.000 |
| Old myocardial infarction (no/yes, %) | 991/65 (93.8/6.2) | 191/10 (95.0/5.0) | 0.628 |
| Bacteremia (no/yes, %) | 1019/37 (96.5/3.5) | 182/19 (90.5/9.5) | <0.001 |
| Pneumonia (no/yes, %) | 802/254 (75.9/24.1) | 71/130 (35.3/64.7) | <0.001 |
| Aortocoronary by pass status (no/yes, %) | 999/57 (94.6/5.4) | 198/3 (98.5/1.5) | 0.028 |
| Obesity (no/yes, %) | 1007/49 (95.4/4.6) | 189/12 (94.0/6.0) | 0.532 |
| Atrial fibrillation (no/yes, %) | 831/225 (78.7/21.3) | 153/48 (76.1/23.9) | 0.473 |
| Mitral valve disorders (no/yes, %) | 1009/47 (95.5/4.5) | 192/9 (95.5/4.5) | 1.000 |
| Sepsis (no/yes, %) | 976/80 (92.4/7.6) | 166/35 (82.6/17.4) | <0.001 |
| Congestive heart failure (no/yes, %) | 835/221 (79.1/20.9) | 155/46 (77.1/22.9) | 0.598 |
| Ventricular fibrillation (no/yes, %) | 1054/2 (99.8/0.2) | 198/3 (98.5/1.5) | 0.038 |
| Cardiac arrest (no/yes, %) | 1034/22 (97.9/2.1) | 187/14 (93.0/7.0) | <0.001 |
| Severity of illness score at admission | |||
| OASIS (median [IQR]) | 31.00 [25.00, 37.00] | 34.00 [30.00, 40.00] | <0.001 |
| SAPS-II (median [IQR]) | 30.00 [20.00, 40.00] | 35.00 [27.00, 42.00] | <0.001 |
| SOFA (median [IQR]) | 3.00 [1.00, 5.00] | 5.00 [3.00, 7.00] | <0.001 |
IRQ, inter-quartile range; SD, standard deviation; RDW, red blood cell distribution width; BPM, beats per minute; OASIS, the Oxford Acute Severity of Illness Score; SAPS, the Simplified Acute Physiology Score; SOFA, the Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment score.