Table 3.
Occurrence of HAV among acute viral hepatitis cases (41 studies).
| Studies by country | Data period, year(s) | Study population (number, age restrictions) | HAV, % (n) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Djibouti | |||
| Coursaget et al., 1998125 | 1992–1993 | 111 pts, 2–65 y | 33% (37) |
| Egypt | |||
| Fouad et al., 201885 | 2015–2017 | 268 pts, 1–18 y | 97% (260) |
| Talaat et al., 201989 | 2014–2017 | 9,321 pts, all ages | 93.4% (7,806) |
| Hasan et al., 201686 | 2007–2008 | 123 pts, 2–18 y | 13.8% (17) |
| Eldin et al., 201084 | 2007–2008 | 235 pts, 1–65 y | 8.1% (19) |
| Meky et al., 200688 | 2002–2005 | 47 community residents, 2–77 y | 8.5% (4) |
| Talaat et al., 201090 | 2001–2004 | 5,909 pts, all ages | 28.5% (1,684) |
| Zakaria et al., 200792 | 2001–2002 1983 |
200 pts, all ages 235 pts, all ages |
34% (68) 2.1% (5) |
| Hyams et al., 199287 | 1987–1988 | 73 outpatients, ≤13 y | 41% (30) |
| Divizia et al., 199983 | 1993 | 202 hospitalized pts, 1–73 y | 10.4% (21) |
| Youssef et al., 201391 | n.r. | 33 hospitalized children | 33% (11) |
| Zaki Mel et al., 200893 | n.r. | 162 children | 34.1% (n.r) |
| Darwish et al., 199282 | n.r. | 200 adult pts, 20–40 y | 4.5% (9) |
| Iran | |||
| Karimi et al., 201557 | 2010 | 70 pts | 68.6% (48) |
| Iraq | |||
| Al-Naaimi et al., 2012114 | 2010–2011 | 2,629 pts, all ages | 44.8% (1,206) |
| Turky et al., 2011117 | 2005–2006 | 2,975 pts, all ages | 41% (1,219) |
| Marcus et al., 1993115 | n.r. | 107 pts, 1.5–65 y | 40.2% (43) |
| Rassam et al., 1989116 | n.r. | 253 hospitalized pts, 3–65 y | 15% (39) |
| Kuwait | |||
| Al-Kandari et al., 1986120 | 1983–1984 | 1,788 pts, all ages | 1.5% (26) |
| Al-Kandari et al., 1987119 | 1980–1984 | 52 pregnant pts, 15–44 y | 11.5% (6) |
| Lebanon | |||
| Shamma’a et al., 1984106 | 1980–1981 | 93 pts, >12 y | 35.5% (33) |
| Pakistan | |||
| Khan et al., 201199 | 2007–2008 | 89 pts, all ages | 6.1% (4) |
| Ahmed et al., 201097 | 1987–2007 | 346 outpatients, all ages | 3.5% (12) |
| Waheed-uz-Zaman et al., 2006101 | 2003–2004 | 626 pts, all ages | 40.6% (252) |
| Syed et al., 2003100 | 1994–1999 | 658 pts, 11 y and over | 64.4% (424) |
| Haider et al., 199498 | 1991 | 93 hospitalized pts, all ages | 5.4% (5) |
| Qatar | |||
| Glynn et al., 1985138 | 1981 | 126 hospitalized pts, 13–52 y | 5.5% (7) |
| Saudi Arabia | |||
| Al-Tawfiq et al., 200832 | 2000–2005 | 1,214 pts, 1–94 y | 10% (120) |
| Memish et al., 200343 | 1999–2001 • 1999: • 2000: • 2001: |
3,490 pts, all ages • 1,194 pts • 1,039 pts • 1,257 pts |
8.2% (286) • 6.7% (80) • 6.9% (72) • 10.7% (134) |
| Fathalla et al., 200040 | 1987–1999 | 683 pediatric pts | 65% (641) |
| Ayoola et al., 200137 | 1997–1998 | 246 pts, all ages | 37% (91) |
| Arif et al., 199534 | 1993–1994 | 133 pts, all ages | 38.3% (51) |
| Yohannan et al., 199046 | 1987 | 47 pts, <12 y | 72% (34) |
| Al-Majed et al., 199028 | n.r. | 23 pts, all ages | 82.6% (19) |
| Al-Knawy et al., 199727 | n.r. | 132 hospitalized pts, >3 y | 81.8% (108) |
| Sudan | |||
| Hyams et al., 1991139 | 1987–1988 | 80 outpatients, <14 y | 33.8% (27) |
| Syria | |||
| Al-Azmeh et al., 1999129 | 1995–1998 | 193 pts, >12 y | 53.9% (104) |
| Tunisia | |||
| Neffatti et al., 2017110 | 2014–2015 | 92 pts, 1-62 y | 21.7% (20) |
| Gharbi-Khelifi et al., 2012112 | 2006–2008 | 400 pts, 1-60 y | 19.8% (79) |
| Hellera et al., 2014113 | 2004–2005 | 105 pts, 15–65 y | 34.3% (36) |
| Yemen | |||
| Gunaid et al., 1997133 | n.r. | 78 pts, ≥13 y | 5.1% (4) |
HAV, hepatitis A virus; n, number of study participants who were anti-HAV positive; n.r., not reported; pts, patients; y, years.