Table 3.

Comparison of comorbidities between country income groups

Country income
	HICs			LMICs			Total			P value
	N	n	%	N	n	%	N	n	%
Chronic neurological disorder*	2588	191	7.4	902	14	1.6	3490	205	5.9	0.001
Seizure*	2490	111	4.5	899	16	1.8	3389	127	3.7	0.001
Smoking	2091	82	3.9	1509	46	3.0	3600	128	3.6	0.215
Diabetes*	2592	95	3.7	4468	149	3.3	7060	244	3.5	0.001
Chronic cardiac disease*	2587	141	5.5	3578	48	1.3	6165	189	3.1	0.001
Obesity*	2438	90	3.7	1736	39	2.2	4174	129	3.1	0.001
Tuberculosis*	290	–	–	3649	102	2.8	3939	102	2.6	0.001
Chronic haematological disease*	2475	77	3.1	899	9	1.0	3374	86	2.5	0.001
HIV/AIDS*	2562	1	<0.01	4382	142	3.2	6944	143	2.1	0.001
Rare diseases and inborn errors of metabolism	1823	36	2.0	0	–	–	1823	36	2.0%	0.715
Malnutrition	2539	35	1.4	901	26	2.9%	3440	61	1.8%	0.412
Malignant neoplasm*	2571	64	2.5	4164	27	0.6%	6735	91	1.4%	0.001
Rheumatological disorder*	2491	45	1.8	898	2	0.2%	3389	47	1.4%	0.001
Chronic kidney disease*	2596	59	2.3	4147	28	0.7	6743	87	1.3	0.001
Liver disease	2623	12	0.5	902	–	–	3525	12	0.3	0.866

*Significant with p-value <0.05 using Chi-square test.

HICs, high-income countries; LMICs, low-income to middle-income countries; N, denominators; n, total patients with comorbidities.