Table 4.

Comparison of complications between country income groups

Country income
	HICs			LMICs			Total			P value
	N	n	%	N	n	%	N	n	%
Bacterial pneumonia*	3497	11 5	3.3	1107	10 2	9.2	4604	21 7	4.7	<0.001
ARDS*	3153	31	1.0	4972	26 7	5.4	8125	29 8	3.7	<0.001
AKI	3624	11 0	3.0	1410	49	3.5	5034	15 9	3.2	0.477
Seizure	3627	10 3	2.8	1412	39	2.8	5039	14 2	2.8	0.958
Pleural effusion	3511	82	2.3	1110	36	3.2	4621	11 8	2.6	0.118
Myocarditis and pericarditis*	2858	42	1.5	427	22	5.2	3285	64	1.9	<0.001
Bronchiolitis	3620	57	1.6	1412	21	1.5	5032	78	1.6	0.922
Cardiac arrhythmia*	3635	70	1.9	1407	13	0.9	5042	83	1.6	0.017
Endocarditis*	692	5	0.7	487	14	2.9	1179	19	1.6	0.008
Cardiac arrest*	3535	19	0.5	1412	55	3.9	4947	74	1.5	<0.001
DIC*	3498	48	1.3	4668	58	1.2	8166	10 4	1.3	0.850
Meningitis and encephalitis*	3621	16	0.4	1413	20	1.4	5034	36	0.7	<0.001
Pneumothorax	3530	15	0.4	1109	9	0.8	4639	24	0.5	0.185
Stroke/cerebrovascular complication†	3527	7	0.2	1109	11	1.0	4636	18	0.4	0.001
Pulmonary embolism	1928	4	0.2	293	2	0.7	2221	6	0.3	0.182
Cardiac ischaemia	3510	7	0.2	1110	4	0.4	4620	11	0.2	0.309
Myocardial infarction	312	1	0.3	298	–	–	610	1	0.2	1.000
Sepsis	–	–	–	3862	8	0.2	3862	8	0.2	–
DVT	1606	1	0.1	3	–	–	1609	1	0.1	1.000
COP†	3398	–	–	1110	5	0.5	4508	5	0.1	0.001

*Significant with p-value <0.05 using χ² test.

†Fisher’s exact test.

AKI, acute kidney injury; ARDS, acute respiratory distress syndrome; COP, cryptogenic organising pneumonia; DIC, disseminated intravascular coagulation; DVT, deep vein thrombosis; HICs, high-income countries; LMICs, low-income to middle-income countries; n, total patients with complications; N, denominators.