Table 5.

Treatment profile of study participants

	Country income									P value
	HICs			LMICs			Total
	N	n	%	N	n	%	N	n	%
Antibiotics*	3685	2189	59.4	4349	1122	25.8	8034	3311	41.2	<0.001
Corticosteroid*	3663	564	15.4	4905	417	8.5	8568	981	11.4	<0.001
HFNC*	3380	282	8.3	3967	147	3.7	7347	429	5.8	<0.001
IMV*	3620	235	6.5	4684	204	4.3	8304	439	5.3	<0.001
Antivirus*	3672	271	7.4	4341	172	4.0	8013	443	5.3	<0.001
Remdesivir	3672	96	2.6	4341	17	0.4	8013	113	1.4
Neuraminidase inhibitor	3672	32	0.9	4341	23	0.5	8013	113	55
Inotropic/vasopressor*	3451	201	5.8	4961	174	3.5	8412	375	4.4	<0.001
Prone positioning*	3532	64	1.8	4647	39	0.8	8179	103	1.2	<0.001
Anticoagulant	3819	50	1.3	9041	88	1.0	12 860	138	1.1	0.091
NIV*	3627	53	1.5	4966	17	0.3	8593	70	0.8	<0.001
RRT	3573	19	0.5	4334	27	0.6	7907	46	0.6	0.084
ECMO†	3608	10	0.3	1086	–	–	4694	10	0.2	<0.001

*Significant with p value <0.05 using χ² test.

†Fisher’s exact test.

ECMO, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; HFNC, high-flow nasal cannula; HICs, high-income countries; IMV, invasive mechanical ventilation; LMICs, low-income to middle-income countries; N, denominators; n, total patients with treatments; NIV, non-invasive ventilation; RRT, renal replacement therapy.