Different NPs in detecting AFPa.
| Category | Types of nanoprobe | Detection method | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|
| Metal-based | Ru-silica@Au | CV and ECL | 91 |
| Ferrocenemonocarboxylic–HRP@Pt | Multiple amplification immunoassay | 92 | |
| Fe3O4–Au/Ab1/AFP/Ab2/CdS–Au | ECL | 89 | |
| Au Pt NPs\HRPNPs\NiHCF NPs | ECL | 84 | |
| GNMA | LSPR/iImmunoassay | 93 | |
| Pd/APTES-M-CeO2-GS | ECL | 94 | |
| Multi-HAT-AuNP-Ab2 | ELISA | 95 | |
| Met-Au NCs | ECL | 96 | |
| GNTC | LSPR/enzymatic precipitation | 97 | |
| GNA | LSPR/enzymatic precipitation | 98 | |
| MIL-101(Cr) & CdSe QDs | PEC | 99 | |
| MoS2/Au NPs | Love-mode SAW | 100 | |
| GCE/3D-Cu-Flo.@AuNPs-Cys | 3D-ECL | 101 | |
| SnO2 Nanotubes | PEC | 102 | |
| Organic | GO-HRP | Immunoassay | 90 |
| MWCNT | Colorimetric and chemiluminescent assays | 103 | |
| Multicolor QDs | Immunoassay | 104 | |
| Nanocomplexes | Si NPs/SiC@Ag | SERS | 105 |
| g-C3N4@TiO2 NTs | PEC | 106 | |
| GCE/CNTs-gC3N4 (Cu) | ECL | 107 | |
| ZIS | 3D-AIO/PEC | 108 |
a
CV: cyclic voltammetry; HRP: horseradish peroxidase; NiHCF: nickel hexacyanoferrate; LSPR: localized surface plasmon resonance; GNMA: gold nano-m arrays; Pd/APTES-M-CeO2-GS: 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane supported Pd octahedral nanoparticles; HAT: human alpha-thrombin; Met-Au NCs: methionine-stabilized Au nanoclusters; GNTC: gold nano-truncated cone; GNA: gold nanodot array; PEC: photoelectrochemical; CNT: carbon nanotube SAW: surface acoustic wave; Cu-Flo. NMs: copper-based nanosheet micromaterial; Cys: cysteine; GCE: glassy carbon electrode; ZIS: ZnIn2S4; 3D-AIO: 3D printing all-in-one dual-modal immunoassay.