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Verification of effects of penicillin in primary astrocytes. (a) MTT assay is used to examine cell viability. (b) RT‑qPCR is used for testing the mRNA level of TNF-α and IL-1β. (c, d) Western blot is applied to detect the protein level of TNF-α and IL-1β. **P < 0.01, epilepsy vs. control. Epilepsy, treated with penicillin; control, without penicillin.
