Fig. 3.

TMAO promotes CaCl₂-induced AAA development in mice. A The serum TMAO level in TMAO-treated mice and in saline-treated mice. B Morphological images of each group of mice; C H&E-stained sections from each group (scale bars = 500 µm). D–E AAA incidence (D) and maximal abdominal aortic diameters of each group (E). F Survival curves of mice after saline and TMAO treatment in the CaCl₂-induced AAA and control groups. G EVG-stained suprarenal aortae from PBS- and CaCl₂-induced mice (scale bars, 500 µm, and 100 µm). H Analysis of elastin degradation scores of each group (n = 10 per PBS group and n = 20 per CaCl₂ group)