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. 2022 May 19;18(8):2872–2892. doi: 10.1007/s12015-022-10384-2

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© The Author(s) 2022, corrected publication 2022

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 6 — Administration of human DEC (1 × 10⁶ and 5 × 10⁶) results in long-term maintenance of cardiac function up to 180 days after systemic DEC transplant to the mdx/scid mice. (A) M-mode of the left ventricular (LV) parasternal long axis and LV tracing measurement after DEC administration compared to vehicle control. Vehicle-injected mice demonstrated gross thickening of the posterior LV wall and reduced size of the LV compared to DEC-injected mdx/scid mice. VEVO 2100 system (VisualSonics) and a 30-MHz cardiac probe (RMV707B), VEVO Lab ver. 3.2.0. (B) Echocardiography at 180 days post-transplant revealed maintenance of Ejection fraction (EF) after 1 × 10⁶ DEC dose and significant dose-dependent increase of EF after administration of 5 × 10⁶ DEC dose. In contrast, vehicle-injected mice revealed a significant drop in EF indicating progressive impairment of cardiac function. (C) At day 180 post-transplant, significant dose-dependent increased EF values were observed in the 5 × 10⁶ DEC group compared to vehicle-injected controls, confirming long-term protective effect of DEC therapy. (D) Fractional shortening (FS) in the 1 × 10⁶ DEC group was maintained at baseline values throughout 180 days follow-up, whereas significant dose-dependent increase in FS values was observed after administration of 5 × 10⁶ DEC dose. In contrast, vehicle-injected mice revealed a significant drop in FS. (E) At day 180 post-transplant significant, dose-dependent increase of FS was observed in the 5 × 10⁶ DEC injected mice confirming long-term protective effect of DEC therapy. (F) Stroke volume (SV) in the 1 × 10⁶ DEC group was maintained at baseline values throughout 180 days, whereas administration of higher DEC dose of 5 × 10⁶ DEC cells revealed continuous and significant increase in SV values from day 30 up to day 180. (G) At day 180 SV in the 5 × 10⁶ DEC-injected mice was significantly increased, confirming long-term and dose-dependent protective effect. (H) Cardiac output (CO) in the 1 × 10⁶ DEC group was maintained at the baseline values throughout 180 days follow-up whereas administration of higher DEC dose of 5 × 10⁶ DEC cells revealed continuous and significant increase in SV values from day 30 up to day 180. (I) At day 180 the CO in the 5 × 10⁶ DEC injected mice was significantly increased compared to vehicle-injected controls confirming long-term and dose-dependent protective effect. Data presented as mean ± SEM. Mann–Whitney test, n = 4. *p < 0.05