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. 2022 Oct 18;9:941917. doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.941917

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Copyright © 2022 Hu, Tong, Huang, Qin, Lin, Lei, Wang, Liu, Sun, Cai, She and Li.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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The change trends of the RHD-related disease burden by sex from 1990 to 2030. (A) The ASPRs from 1990 to 2030 at the global level by sex. (B) The ASPRs at the global level and in different SDI regions by female (the left) and male (the right) subjects. (C) The ASMRs from 1990 to 2030 at the global level by sex. (D) The ASMRs from 1990 to 2030 at the global level and in different SDI regions by female (the left) and male (the right) subjects. (E) The ASPRs of HF from 1990 to 2030 at the global level by sex. (F) The ASPRs of HF from 1990 to 2030 at the global level and in different SDI regions by female (the left) and male (the right) subjects. RHD, rheumatic heart disease; ASPRs, age-standardized prevalence rates; SDI, sociodemographic index; ASMRs, age-standardized mortality rates; HF, heart failure.