Fig. 4. Liquid biopsy workflow for cancer diagnosis and treatment.

First panel showing exosome and EV release sites. Tumor-derived exosomes and EVs can be isolated from different types of bodily fluids. Second panel showing different methods for exosome isolation from bodily fluid and cell culture media. Third panel shows different methods used for the analysis of exosome biophysical properties and the molecular profiling of cargo. The available information can be used for diagnosis and treatment.