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. 2022 Oct 31;9:664. doi: 10.1038/s41597-022-01786-5

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 5 — MSRs classified by expected LCOE, including installation costs, operation and maintenance costs, transmission grid extension costs and road network extension costs. (a) All-Africa MSRs, screened by LCOE up to coverage of 5% of a country’s area, classified by five LCOE categories from cheaper to costlier. (b) The country-level area-weighted distribution of MSRs across these five categories. Country abbreviations denote alpha-2 codes; see Supplementary Table 4 for a list of full names. Countries with comparatively low overall VRE potential are marked with symbols (*), (**) or (***) if total MSR area covered less than 3%, 1% and 0.1% of the country, respectively, and with (−) in case of absence of MSRs in that country. (c,d) Each country’s average LCOE as function of average CF (averages weighted by MSR area), for solar PV (c) and wind (d). SO = Somalia, NA = Namibia, UG = Uganda, DJ = Djibouti, TD = Chad, TN = Tunisia, CM = Cameroon.