FIGURE 3.

The influence of antibiotics on CD8⁺ T cells. In CD8⁺ T cells antibiotics like tetranactin and cyclosporin A interfere with proliferation by inhibiting the transcription factor NFAT. Additionally, many antibiotics influence mitochondrial function in CD8⁺ T cells. Actinomycin D (Act D), daunorubicin (DRB), cycloheximide and puromycin impair the glucocorticoid (GC)-induced loss of mitochondrial membrane integrity, which prevents cell death in CD4⁺CD8⁺ thymocytes. Sulfamethoxazole hydroxylamine, in turn, amplifies apoptosis and is relevant for CTL-mediated cytotoxicity. Furthermore, the attenuation of the mitochondrial membrane potential by Oligomycin and CH11 or activation of the intrinsic mitochondrial apoptosis pathway by bovine lactoferricin (LfcinB) lead to cell death. Furthermore, oxazolidinones and tigecycline interfere with mitochondrial function in CD8⁺ T cells by inhibiting mitochondrial protein translation. The fluoroquinolone ciprofloxacin suppresses the induction of transcription factors NF-κB and AP-1, while Rapamycin favors to the generation of CD8⁺ T memory cells (T_mem). Created with BioRender.com.