| Uric acid (mg/dL) |
1.322 (1.140 – 1.533) |
＜0.001 |
1.195 (1.039 – 1.375) |
＜0.05 |
| Age (years) |
1.159 (1.129 – 1.190) |
＜0.0001 |
1.094 (1.069 – 1.121) |
＜0.0001 |
|
BMI (kg/m2)
|
0.853 (0.809 – 0.900) |
＜0.0001 |
0.980 (0.936 – 1.026) |
0.384 |
| Systolic BP (mmHg) |
1.033 (1.025 – 1.041) |
＜0.0001 |
1.011 (1.004 – 1.018) |
＜0.01 |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) |
0.268 (0.063 – 1.140) |
0.075 |
1.019 (0.256 – 4.045) |
0.979 |
| HDL-C (mg/dL) |
0.997 (0.988 – 1.007) |
0.579 |
0.990 (0.981 – 0.999) |
＜0.05 |
| LDL-C (mg/dL) |
1.001 (0.996 – 1.005) |
0.790 |
1.009 (1.005 – 1.014) |
＜0.0001 |
| Triglyceride (mg/dL) |
1.002 (0.999 – 1.005) |
0.259 |
0.999 (0.996 – 1.002) |
0.338 |
| FBG (mg/dL) |
1.005 (0.997 – 1.014) |
0.216 |
1.009 (1.001 – 1.017) |
＜0.05 |
| Current smoking |
1.547 (0.922 – 2.595) |
0.098 |
1.855 (1.181 – 2.914) |
＜0.01 |
| Alcohol drinking |
0.861 (0.651 – 1.140) |
0.297 |
0.931 (0.714 – 1.215) |
0.601 |
| CAVI, cardio-ankle vascular index; IMT, intima-media thickness; CI, confidence interval; BMI, body mass index; BP, blood pressure; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; FBG, fasting blood glucose.The endpoint was a CAVI value ≥ 8.0 or the presence of carotid plaques. Abdominal obesity was defined as waist circumference ≥ 90 cm for females. Metabolic syndrome was diagnosed on the basis of abdominal obesity and two or more of the following three criteria: (1) triglycerides ≥ 150 mg/dL and/or HDL-C ＜40 mg/dL; (2) systolic BP ≥ 130 mmHg and/or diastolic BP ≥ 85 mmHg; and (3) FBG ≥ 110 mg/dL.Listed variables were simultaneously evaluated in the multivariable analysis. |
|
b) Males without metabolic syndrome (n = 6768)
|
|
| Variable |
Increased arterial stiffness (CAVI ≥ 8.0) |
Carotid plaques |
| Odds ratio (95% CI) |
P value
|
Odds ratio (95% CI) |
P value
|
| Uric acid (mg/dL) |
1.070 (1.002 – 1.143) |
＜0.05 |
0.990 (0.927 – 1.057) |
0.753 |
| Age (years) |
1.154 (1.143 – 1.166) |
＜0.0001 |
1.120 (1.109 – 1.131) |
＜0.0001 |
|
BMI (kg/m2)
|
0.827 (0.799 – 0.855) |
＜0.0001 |
0.987 (0.958 – 1.018) |
0.421 |
| Systolic BP (mmHg) |
1.029 (1.023 – 1.034) |
＜0.0001 |
1.013 (1.007 – 1.018) |
＜0.0001 |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) |
1.215 (0.632 – 2.339) |
0.559 |
0.565 (0.294 – 1.087) |
＜0.05 |
| HDL-C (mg/dL) |
0.995 (0.989 – 0.999) |
＜0.05 |
0.991 (0.986 – 0.997) |
＜0.01 |
| LDL-C (mg/dL) |
1.000 (0.998 – 1.003) |
0.759 |
1.005 (1.002 – 1.008) |
＜0.001 |
| Triglyceride (mg/dL) |
1.001 (1.000 – 1.002) |
0.066 |
0.999 (0.998 – 1.001) |
0.243 |
| FBG (mg/dL) |
1.011 (1.005 – 1.017) |
＜0.001 |
1.004 (0.998 – 1.010) |
0.147 |
| Current smoking |
1.372 (1.174 – 1.603) |
＜0.0001 |
1.045 (0.896 – 1.221) |
0.573 |
| Alcohol drinking |
0.985 (0.826 – 1.174) |
0.865 |
1.028 (0.865 – 1.221) |
0.752 |
| CAVI, cardio-ankle vascular index; IMT, intima-media thickness; CI, confidence interval; BMI, body mass index; BP, blood pressure; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; FBG, fasting blood glucose.The endpoint was a CAVI value ≥ 8.0 or the presence of carotid plaques. Abdominal obesity was defined as waist circumference ≥ 90 cm for females. Metabolic syndrome was diagnosed on the basis of abdominal obesity and two or more of the following three criteria: (1) triglycerides ≥ 150 mg/dL and/or HDL-C ＜40 mg/dL; (2) systolic BP ≥ 130 mmHg and/or diastolic BP ≥ 85 mmHg; and (3) FBG ≥ 110 mg/dL.Listed variables were simultaneously evaluated in the multivariable analysis. |
