Table 3.
Regulation of LIF expression.
| Factor | Effect | Citation |
|---|---|---|
| p53 | p53-knockout female mice show impaired fertility and reduced basal and induced LIF expression in uteri. | Reference Hu et al., 2007 |
| Estrogen/Estradiol (E2) | E2 injections induces LIF expression in uterine tissues following E2 injections | References Chen et al., 2000; Ding et al., 2008; Liang et al., 2014; Yoo et al., 2019; Polim et al., 2022 |
| Progesterone (P4) | P4 induces LIF expression in bovine endometrium epithelial cells in vitro | Reference Feng et al., 2022 |
| Platelet derived growth factor | Upregulates LIF in human endometrium epithelial cells and stromal cells in vitro | Reference Arici et al., 1995 |
| epidermal growth factor (EGF) | Upregulates LIF in human endometrium epithelial cells and stromal cells in vitro | Reference Arici et al., 1995 |
| Chorionic gonadotropin | Upregulates LIF in human endometrium epithelial cells and stromal cells in vitro | Reference Peerier d'Hauterive et al., 2004 |
| Insulin-like growth factor | Upregulates LIF in human endometrium epithelial cells and stromal cells in vitro | Reference Peerier d'Hauterive et al., 2004 |
| TGF-β | Upregulates LIF in human endometrium epithelial cells and stromal cells, bone marrow stromal cells, and murine osteoblast cells in vitro | References Ruan et al., 2010; Wetzler et al., 1991; Arici et al., 1995; Perrier d'Hauterive et al., 2004; Ota et al., 2013 |
| IL-1 | Upregulates LIF in human endometrium epithelial cells and stromal cells, bone marrow stromal cells, osteoblasts and synovial fibroblasts in vitro | References Wetzler et al., 1991; Ishimi et al., 1992; Hamilton et al., 1993; Wetzler et al., 1994; Arici et al., 1995 |
| TNF | Upregulates LIF in human endometrium epithelial cells and stromal cells, bone marrow stromal cells, osteoblasts and synovial fibroblasts in vitro | References Wetzler et al., 1991; Ishimi et al., 1992; Hamilton et al., 1993; Wetzler et al., 1994; Arici et al., 1995 |
| LPS/Endotoxin | Upregulates LIF in osteoblasts in vitro | Reference Ishimi et al., 1992 |
| IFN-ɤ | Inhibits LIF in human endometrium epithelial cells and stromal cells in vitro | Reference Arici et al., 1995 |