Table 3. Participants’ Adverse and Unexpected Events.
| Events | No. | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline exercise testing | Follow-up exercise testing | Intervention phasea | ||||
| HIIT | CR | HIIT | CR | HIIT | CR | |
| Severe | ||||||
| Syncope | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Fall | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Shortness of breath | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1b | 1 |
| Angina | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Incarcerated left inguinal hernia | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Lower gastrointestinal bleeding | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1b |
| Moderate | ||||||
| Back pain | 1 (6MWT) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Gout | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Nausea/vomiting | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (ES) | 0 |
| Uncontrolled HR | 1 (CPET) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (ES) |
| Knee swelling/MCL tear | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (ES)b | 0 |
| Mild | ||||||
| Muscular pain (ankle, back, knee) | 2 (6MWT) | 1 (6MWT); 1 (CPET) | 3 (6MWT) | 0 | 0 | |
| Dizziness | 1 (6MWT) | 1 (CPET) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Chest pressure | 1 (6MWT) | 2 (6MWT) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Angina | 0 | 1 (CPET) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Total | 6 | 6 | 0 | 3 | 7 | 4 |
Abbreviations: 6MWT, 6-minute walk test; CPET, cardiopulmonary exercise test; CR, cardiovascular rehabilitation; ES, exercise session; HIIT, high-intensity interval training; HR, heart rate; MCL, medial collateral ligament.
a
Adverse events during the intervention phase that were not accompanied by ES represent events outside the ESs.
b
Adverse event that led to participant dropout. The severe shortness of breath led to a follow-up examination by a physician who then scheduled the patient for a valve replacement; this procedure led to the participant discontinuing the intervention.