Table 1.
Latent Change Score Models (n=139)
| Parameter | Standardized Estimate (SE) | Unstandardized Estimate (SE) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Positive Teacher Relationships | |||
| Mean level at baseline | 3.02(0.18) | 2.99(0.09) | <.001 |
| Mean level of Δ | 1.52(0.19) | 1.51 (0.31) | <.001 |
| Variance of Δ | 0.60(0.08) | 0.59(0.12) | <.001 |
| Effect of mean level of baseline on Δ(β) | −0.63(0.06) | −0.63(0.10) | <.001 |
| Connectedness to Learning | |||
| Mean level at baseline | 3.80(0.26) | 3.57(0.09) | <.001 |
| Mean level of Δ | 1.55(0.28) | 1.30(0.37) | <.001 |
| Variance of Δ | 0.77(0.06) | 0.55(0.10) | <.001 |
| Effect of mean level of baseline on Δ(β) | −0.48(0.07) | −0.43(0.10) | <.001 |
| Parent Involvement | |||
| Mean level at baseline | 3.46(0.21) | 3.43(0.09) | <.001 |
| Mean level of Δ | 1.82(0.24) | 1.91(0.42) | <.001 |
| Variance of Δ | 0.66(0.08) | 0.74(0.11) | <.001 |
| Effect of mean level of baseline on Δ(β) | −0.58(0.07) | −0.62(0.12) | <.001 |
| Academic Satisfaction | |||
| Mean level at baseline | 2.94(0.19) | 3.39(0.11) | <.001 |
| Mean level of Δ | 1.34(0.18) | 1.71(0.35) | <.001 |
| Variance of Δ | 0.654(0.07) | 1.07(0.14) | <.001 |
| Effect of mean level of baseline on Δ(β) | −0.59(0.06) | −0.65(0.10) | <.001 |
| Bullying Victimization | |||
| Mean level at baseline | 1.55(0.07) | 2.31(0.14) | <.001 |
| Mean level of Δ | 0.71(0.10) | 1.07(0.25) | <.001 |
| Variance of Δ | 0.60(0.09) | 1.38(0.32) | <.001 |
| Effect of mean level of baseline on Δ(β) | −0.63(0.07) | −0.64(0.11) | <.001 |
Notes. p-values were calculated from unstandardized results. Δ=change score; SE=standard error.