Table 2.

Comparison of label claims and 16S rRNA sequencing results (relative abundance) of commercial kefir products

Product1	Claimed	Species	Lot 1	Lot 2
A	Streptococcus thermophilus	Streptococcus thermophilus	0.843	0.847
	Lactobacillus acidophilus	Streptococcus salivarius	0.090	0.096
	Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus	Lactobacillus acidophilus	0.024	0.021
	Lactobacillus rhamnosus	Lactobacillus sp.	0.016	0.011
	Lactococcus lactis ssp. lactisbiovar diacetylactis	Streptococcus sp.	0.013	0.013
	Lactococcus lactis ssp. cremoris	Lactobacillus paracasei	0.006	0.005
	Lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis	Lactobacillus delbrueckii	0.003	0.003
	Lactobacillus casei	Lactobacillus rhamnosus	0.002	0.001
	Bifidobacterium lactis	Lactococcus sp.	0.002	0.001
	Leuconostoc cremoris	Lactobacillus casei	0.001	0.001
B	Streptococcus thermophilus	Streptococcus thermophilus	0.489	0.583
	Lactococcus lactis ssp. lactisbiovar diacetylactis	Lactococcus sp.	0.329	0.154
	Lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis	Lactobacillus sp.	0.049	0.026
	Lactococcus lactis ssp. cremoris	Streptococcus salivarius	0.045	0.107
	Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus	Lactococcus lactis	0.043	0.051
	Leuconostoc sp.	Leuconostoc mesenteroides	0.010	0.004
		Streptococcus sp.	0.010	0.023
		Lactococcus raffinolactis	0.007	0.005
		Lactobacillus rhamnosus	0.006	0.016
		Lactobacillus delbrueckii	0.005	0.011
		Lactobacillus paracasei	0.005	0.012
		Lactobacillus casei	0.002	0.006
		Leuconostoc pseudomesenteroides	0.001	0.000
C	Streptococcus thermophilus	Streptococcus thermophilus	0.823	0.620
	Lactococcus lactis ssp. lactisbiovar diacetylactis	Streptococcus salivarius	0.081	0.063
	Lactococcus lactis ssp. cremoris	Lactococcus sp.	0.032	0.001
	Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus	Lactobacillus sp.	0.029	0.023
	Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. lactis	Streptococcus sp.	0.014	0.007
	Lactobacillus rhamnosus	Lactobacillus delbrueckii	0.007	0.282
	Lactobacillus casei	Lactobacillus rhamnosus	0.004	0.001
	Lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis	Lactobacillus casei	0.003	0.001
	Lactobacillus acidophilus	Lactobacillus paracasei	0.003	0.001
	Leuconostoc mesenteroides ssp. cremoris	Lactococcus lactis	0.003	0.000
	Bifidobacterium lactis	Lactobacillus acidophilus	0.001	0.001
D	Streptococcus thermophilus	Streptococcus thermophilus	0.884	0.877
	Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus	Streptococcus salivarius	0.069	0.086
	Bifidobacterium lactis	Streptococcus sp.	0.011	0.012
	Bifidobacterium bifidum	Lactobacillus delbrueckii	0.011	0.009
	Lactobacillus casei	Bifidobacterium sp.	0.007	0.005
	Lactobacillus acidophilus	Leuconostoc mesenteroides	0.005	0.000
	Lactobacillus rhamnosus	Pseudomonas sp.	0.005	0.000
		Pseudomonas lundensis	0.003	0.003
		Lactobacillus sp.	0.002	0.002
		Lactococcus sp.	0.000	0.001
		Lactobacillus casei	0.000	0.001
E	Streptococcus diacetylactis	Streptococcus thermophilus	0.648	0.680
	Lactobacillus rhamnosus	Lactobacillus delbrueckii	0.119	0.108
	Lactococcus lactis	Lactobacillus paracasei	0.103	0.103
	Lactobacillus acidophilus	Streptococcus salivarius	0.065	0.055
	Lactobacillus reuteri	Lactococcus sp.	0.030	0.024
	Lactobacillus plantarum	Lactobacillus casei	0.014	0.010
	Lactobacillus casei	Streptococcus sp.	0.009	0.011
	Bifidobacterium longum	Lactobacillus sp.	0.006	0.001
	Bifidobacterium lactis	Lactobacillus rhamnosus	0.004	0.001
	Bifidobacterium breve	Lactococcus lactis	0.002	0.001
	Leuconostoc cremoris	Lactobacillus acidophilus	0.000	0.001
YOG	Streptococcus thermophilus	Streptococcus thermophilus	0.775
	Lactobacillus acidophilus	Streptococcus salivarius	0.087
	Lactobacillus casei	Lactobacillus paracasei	0.046
	Lactobacillus bulgaricus	Lactobacillus sp.	0.044
	Lactobacillus bifidus	Lactobacillus acidophilus	0.014
		Streptococcus sp.	0.014
		Lactobacillus casei	0.009
		Lactobacillus rhamnosus	0.008
		Lactobacillus delbrueckii	0.002

¹Product A: Maple Hill Plain Kefir; product B: Siggi's Plain Filmjölk; product C: Redwood Hill Farm Plain Goat Milk Kefir; product D: CoYo Kefir; product E: Lifeway Original Kefir; YOG: Chobani Plain Yogurt 0% Milk Fat.