Table 1.

Selected bacterial species isolated from 101 houseflies in which bacterial selection was based on effects on udder health, human health, and milk quality

Genus	Species	Effect1	Farm site2	Location3	n (%)4
Citrobacter	freundii5	M	H, C	E, I	4 (1.0)
	amalonaticus5	M	P	I	1 (0.3)
Enterobacter	cloacae5	M	H, C, P	E, I	25 (6.4)
Escherichia	coli	M, F	H, C, P	E, I	59 (15.1)
Klebsiella	pneumoniae	M	H, C, P	E, I	26 (6.6)
	variicola5	M	H, P	E, I	7 (1.8)
	oxytoca5	M	C, P	E, I	4 (1.0)
Salmonella	spp.	F	P	I	1 (0.3)
Pseudomonas	aeruginosa5	M, S	H, C	E, I	7 (1.8)
Enterococcus	faecalis	M	H, C, P	E, I	67 (17.1)
	hirae	M	C	I	1 (0.3)
	faecium	M	H, C, P	E, I	18 (4.6)
	gallinarum5	M	H	I	2 (0.5)
Lactococcus	garvieae5	M	C, P	E, I	6 (1.5)
	lactis5	M	C	E, I	2 (0.5)
Streptococcus	uberis5	M	P	I	1 (0.3)
Staphylococcus	aureus	M, F	C, P	I	2 (0.5)
	capitis5	M	P	E	1 (0.3)
	chromogenes	M	H, P	I	6 (1.5)
	haemolyticus	M	H, C, P	E, I	10 (2.6)
	lugdunensis	M	H	E, I	2 (0.5)
	saprophyticus	M	H, C, P	E, I	10 (2.6)
	sciuri	M	H, C, P	E	10 (2.6)
	succinus	M	H, P	E	2 (0.5)
	xylosus	M	C	E	1 (0.3)
Corynebacteriun	stationis5	M	H	E	1 (0.3)
Bacillus	cereus5	F, S	H, C, P	E, I	16 (4.1)
	subtilis	F	H	E	1 (0.3)
	licheniformis5	S	H, P	E	7 (1.8)
Lysinibacillus	sphaericus5	S	H, P	I	3 (0.8)
Paenibacillus	lactis5	S	P	E	1 (0.3)
Mycoplasma	arginini5	M	H	I	1 (0.3)

¹Effect on udder health (M), human health (F), and milk quality (S).

²Farm site (sick pen, H; calf area, C; and milking parlor, P).

³Location (external surface, E; internal parts, I)

⁴Number and percentage (calculated from all isolates).

⁵Species has not been previously identified from houseflies at dairies.