Table 4.
Positive acute toxicology results and self-reported use endorsements for participants with confirmed positive hair results, by drug class.
| Cocaine | Opiates | Amphetamines | THCCOOH | Natural cannabinoids | Alcohol | Nicotine | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 13) | (n = 2) | (n = 59) | (n = 25) | (n = 22) | (n = 9) | (n = 19) | |
| Self-reported use: | |||||||
| Alcohol sips | 38.5% | 50% | 40.7% | 48.0% | 59.1% | 66.7% | 52.6% |
| Alcohol full drink | 0% | 0% | 0 | 4.0% | 4.5% | 0% | 0% |
| Nicotine puffs | 15.4% | 50% | 5.1% | 16.0% | 22.7% | 11.1% | 21.1% |
| Nicotine more than puff | 7.7% | 0% | 0% | 4.0% | 4.5% | 11.1% | 5.3% |
| Cannabis puff | 7.7% | 50% | 0% | 12.0% | 9.1% | 11.1% | 10.5% |
| Cannabis more than puff | 7.7% | 50% | 0% | 4.0% | 4.5% | 11.1% | 5.3% |
| Other drugs | 0% | 0% | 2% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 5% |
| Hair analyte confirmationb | |||||||
| Cocained | 13/13 | ||||||
| Benzoylecgonine | 12/12 | ||||||
| Norcocaine | 2/11 | ||||||
| Oxymorphonec | 2/2 | ||||||
| Amphetaminese | 52/59 | ||||||
| Methamphetamine | 9/51 | ||||||
| THCCOOH | 25/25 | 10/11 | |||||
| THC | 9/10 | 21/22 | |||||
| CBN | 3/5 | 5/7 | |||||
| CBD | 5/5 | 8/11 | |||||
| THCV | 0/2 | 0/4 | |||||
| ETG | 9/9 | ||||||
| Cotinine | 18/19 | ||||||
| 3-Hydroxycotinne | 6/11 | ||||||
| Norcotinine | 1/1 | ||||||
| Nornicotine | 8/8 | ||||||
| Draeger oral fluid testf | |||||||
| Amphetamine | 1/1a | 0/0 | 30/30a | 0/3 | 2/3a | 0/0 | 2/4a |
| NicAlertg | 0/4 | 0/0 | 0/2 | 1/3 | 1/3 | 0/0 | 1/1 |
Notes: 11-nor-9-carboxy-tetrahydrocannabinol = THCCOOH, Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol = THC, cannabidiol = CBD, cannabinol = CBN, Δ9-tetrahydrocannabivarin = THCV; ETG = ethyl glucuronide
Positive results are consistent with the youth’s prescription medication.
Variation in analyte n due to insufficient quantity of hair (e.g., norcocaine; THCV).
Other opioids tested for (fentanyl, codeine, morphine, 6-acetylmorphine, hydrocodone, hydromorphone, and oxycodone) were negative for all.
Other cocaine metabolites tested for (cocaethylene, metahydroxycocaine, orthohydroxycocaine, and parahydroxycocaine) were all negative.
Other amphetamines tested for (MDA, MDEA, and MDMA) were all negative.
Seven drug classes (cocaine, opiates, cannabis, benzodiazepines, amphetamine, methamphetamine, and methadone) were tested as described in the primary manuscript. Only drug classes with a positive are displayed here.
NicAlert is a urinary cotinine screen. Positive results on NicAlert here indicate urinary cotinine results at a level which indicates recent, personal nicotine exposure.