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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Nov 14.
Published in final edited form as: ACS Nano. 2021 Dec 17;16(1):1409–1420. doi: 10.1021/acsnano.1c09456

Figure 4.

Figure 4.

In vitro drug delivery. (A) Cellular ROS levels. Cells were incubated with various formulations for 20 h, and then incubated with the H2DCFDA (10 μM) at 37 °C for 0.5 h. The generated green fluorescence, an indicator of the ROS, was determined by fluorescence microscopy. (B) Cytotoxicity of the VES-loaded micelles determined by the CellTiter-Blue Cell Viability assay. Incubation time: 48 h. (C) Penetration of the Rh-PE-labeled micelles in the cell spheroids. Incubation time: 1 h. (D) Cytotoxicity and (E) spheroid morphology upon treatments in the cell spheroids. Incubation time: 72 h. Cell line: HeLa cells. Data were expressed as the mean ± SD, *p < 0.05; ***p < 0.001, when compared to the PEG2k-PE/VES group.