Table 2.
Population imaging characteristics
| Imaging characteristics | Overall (n = 100) | RVdys+ (n = 32)* | RVdys- (n = 68) | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Echocardiography | ||||
| Right Ventricle | ||||
| 3D Ejection fraction (%) | 52.0 ± 10.1 | 41.8 ± 9.3 | 57.0 ± 5.9 | < 0.001 |
| End-diastolic volume (ml) | 134.6 ± 42.0 | 154.4 ± 41.7 | 125.1 ± 39.1 | 0.002 |
| End-systolic volume (ml) | 66.2 ± 31.1 | 90.2 ± 34.1 | 54.6 ± 21.8 | < 0.001 |
| Stroke volume (ml) | 67.9 ± 18.5 | 61.6 ± 13.3 | 70.8 ± 19.9 | 0.02 |
| S' (cm/s) | 11.4 ± 3.0 | 9.8 ± 3.0 | 12.1 ± 2.7 | < 0.001 |
| TAPSE (cm) | 1.8 ± 0.4 | 1.5 ± 0.3 | 1.9 ± 0.4 | < 0.001 |
| FAC (%) | 35.7 ± 10.6 | 29.4 ± 9.8 | 39.1 ± 9.5 | < 0.001 |
| Left Ventricle | ||||
| Ejection fraction (%) | 41.9 ± 14.6 | 30.6 ± 11.3 | 47.4 ± 12.9 | < 0.001 |
| LVIDd (cm) | 5.9 ± 0.6 | 6.2 ± 0.6 | 5.7 ± 0.6 | < 0.001 |
| LVIDs (cm) | 4.6 ± 0.9 | 5.3 ± 0.7 | 4.3 ± 0.8 | < 0.001 |
| End-diastolic volume (ml) | 171.0 ± 39.0 | 189.2 ± 35.5 | 163.8 ± 38.2 | 0.005 |
| End-systolic volume (ml) | 101.5 ± 45.3 | 138.0 ± 42.4 | 86.7 ± 37.7 | < 0.001 |
| Stroke volume (ml) | 70.5 ± 21.5 | 55.8 ± 19.1 | 76.1 ± 19.7 | < 0.001 |
| Myocardial mass (g) | 208.7 ± 70.0 | 227.8 ± 70.2 | 199.9 ± 68.7 | 0.10 |
| Hemodynamics | ||||
| PASP (mmHg) | 37.8 ± 14.8 | 34.4 ± 13.4 | 43.9 ± 15.3 | 0.004 |
| Valvular Indices | ||||
| Mitral Regurgitation | ||||
| Severity grade (1–4) | 59% (59) 25% (25) /8% (8)/ 6% (6) | 34.4% (11)/ 34.4% (11)/18.8% (6) /12.5% (4) | 72.7% (48)/21.2% (14)/3.0% (2) /3.0% (2) | < 0.001 |
| Regurgitant fraction (%) | 37.97 ± 15.19 | 42.49 ± 14.72 | 34.70 ± 14.85 | 0.04 |
| Regurgitant volume (ml) | 38.3 ± 26.99 | 46.2 ± 6.4 | 34.3 ± 3.9 | 0.10 |
| Vena contracta (cm) | 0.33 ± 0.11 | 0.38 ± 0.11 | 0.29 ± 0.11 | 0.002 |
| Tricuspid Regurgitation | ||||
| Severity grade (1–4) | 64% (64)/ 23% (23)/ 12% (12)/ 1% (1) | 47% (15)/ 28% (9)/ 25% (8)/ 0% (0) | 72% (49)/ 21% (14)/ 6% (4)/ 1% (1) | 0.02 |
| Peak Longitudinal Strain | ||||
| RV global (%) | 18.3 ± 5.4 | 12.5 ± 4.1 | 21.0 ± 3.5 | < 0.001 |
| RV free wall (%) | 18.0 ± 6.7 | 11.6 ± 5.5 | 21.6 ± 4.3 | < 0.001 |
| RV septal (%) | 11.0 ± 6.9 | 7.2 ± 5.7 | 13.2 ± 6.7 | < 0.001 |
| CMR | ||||
| Right Ventricle | ||||
| Ejection fraction (%) | 52.0 ± 11.7 | 39.2 ± 10.1 | 58.0 ± 6.3 | < 0.001 |
| End-diastolic length (cm) | 7.4 ± 1.2 | 7.9 ± 1.1 | 7.2 ± 1.2 | 0.01 |
| End-diastolic width (cm) | 4.2 ± 0.7 | 4.4 ± 0.7 | 4.1 ± 0.7 | 0.04 |
| End-diastolic volume (ml) | 153.0 ± 52.4 | 174.9 ± 58.4 | 142.5 ± 46.2 | 0.003 |
| End-systolic volume (ml) | 76.8 ± 42.4 | 109.7 ± 51.0 | 61.1 ± 25.8 | < 0.001 |
| Stroke volume (ml) | 76.0 ± 22.0 | 65.2 ± 14.8 | 81.2 ± 23.0 | < 0.001 |
| RV myocardial mass | 29.0 ± 10.2 | 31.7 ± 8.2 | 27.7 ± 10.8 | 0.07 |
| Indexed (g/m2) | 15.0 ± 4.9 | 16.7 ± 4.9 | 14.1 ± 4.7 | 0.01 |
| Left Ventricle | ||||
| Ejection fraction (%) | 43.2 ± 15.4 | 30.9 ± 10.4 | 48.9 ± 13.9 | < 0.001 |
| End-diastolic volume (ml) | 200.4 ± 63.8 | 232.6 ± 60.6 | 185.2 ± 59.9 | < 0.001 |
| End-systolic volume (ml) | 120.8 ± 62.6 | 163.9 ± 55.5 | 99.9 ± 55.0 | < 0.001 |
| Stroke volume (ml) | 80.0 ± 23.8 | 68.8 ± 20.2 | 85.3 ± 23.6 | < 0.001 |
| LV myocardial mass | 157.4 ± 47.0 | 171.2 ± 38.5 | 151.0 ± 49.4 | 0.04 |
| Indexed (g/m2) | 81.1 ± 20.8 | 89.1 ± 19.0 | 77.3 ± 20.6 | 0.007 |
| End-diastolic diameter (cm) | 6.0 ± 0.7 | 6.3 ± 0.6 | 5.8 ± 0.7 | 0.002 |
| Longitudinal Strain | ||||
| RV global (%) | 20.5 ± 6.8 | 13.7 ± 3.9 | 23.7 ± 5.4 | < 0.001 |
| RV free wall (%) | 15.8 ± 7.1 | 9.0 ± 4.9 | 19.1 ± 5.5 | < 0.001 |
| RV septal (%) | 23.9 ± 7.5 | 17.2 ± 5.1 | 27.1 ± 6.2 | < 0.001 |
Bold values identify a significance of p < 0.05
*RV ejection fraction < 50%