Table 2.
Fixed and random parameter estimates for the logistic mixed model predicting the likelihood of MOUD and therapy/counseling receipt between cohorts and over time.
| Therapy/Counseling |
Buprenorphine |
Methadone |
Naltrexone |
|||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| In person |
Telehealth |
Total |
||||||||||
| Fixed Effects | Est. (SE) | adjOR (95% CI) | Est. (SE) | adjOR (95% CI) | Est. (SE) | adjOR (95% CI) | Est. (SE) | adjOR (95% CI) | Est. (SE) | adjOR (95% CI) | Est. (SE) | adjOR (95% CI) |
| Intercept | 1.96(0.02)* ** | 7.07 (6.80, 7.36) |
-3.07(0.03)* ** | 0.05 (.04,0.05) |
2.07(0.02)* ** | 7.96 (7.64, 8.31) |
-9.24(0.06) * ** | 0.00 (.00,0.00) |
-11.26(0.12)* ** | 0.00 (.00,0.00) |
-9.38(0.08)* ** | 0.00 (.00,0.00) |
| Agea | -.18(0.01)* ** | 0.83 (.82,0.85) |
-0.18(0.01)* ** | 0.83 (.81,0.84) |
-0.20(0.01)* ** | 0.82 (.80,0.83) |
-0.48(0.03)* ** | 0.62 (.59,0.66) |
0.15(0.07)* | 1.16 (1.02, 1.32) |
-0.41(0.04)* ** | 0.67 (.62,0.72) |
| Gender (male ref.) |
0.30(0.03)* ** | 1.34 (1.26, 1.44) |
0.32(0.03)* ** | 1.38 (1.30, 1.47) |
0.37(0.036)* ** | 1.45 (1.35, 1.55) |
-0.13(0.10) | 0.87 (.71, 1.07) |
-0.35(0.29) | 0.70 (.40, 1.25) |
-0.21(0.14) | 0.81 (.62, 1.06) |
| Race/Ethnicity (White ref.) |
0.25(0.02)* ** | 1.28 (1.24, 1.33) |
0.08(0.02)* ** | 1.09 (1.05, 1.13) |
0.25(0.02)* ** | 1.28 (1.24, 1.33) |
-0.47(0.06)* ** | 0.62 (.55,0.71) |
0.02(0.13) | 1.02 (.79, 1.31) |
0.19(0.08)* | 1.21 (1.04, 1.42) |
| Rural vs. Urban (urban ref.) |
-0.36(0.02)* ** | 0.70 (.67,0.72) |
0.04(0.02)* | 1.05 (1.01, 1.08) |
-0.36(0.02)* ** | 0.70 (.67,0.73) |
-0.08(0.06)* ** | 0.92 (.82, 1.04) |
-0.48(0.15)* * | 0.62 (.46,0.83) |
-0.26(0.09)* * | 0.77 (.65,0.91) |
| CCIa | -.15(0.01)* ** | 0.86 (.85,0.88) |
-0.10(0.01)* ** | 0.90 (.89,0.92) |
-0.19(0.01)* ** | 0.83 (.82,0.85) |
-0.10(0.03)* * | 0.90 (.85,0.97) |
0.09(0.06) | 1.09 (.97, 1.22) |
-0.17(0.05)* ** | 0.84 (.77,0.92) |
| PDGa | .46(0.01)* ** | 1.58 (1.55, 1.61) |
0.36(0.01)* ** | 1.44 (1.42, 1.46) |
0.49(0.01)* ** | 1.63 (1.60, 1.66) |
-0.00(0.03) | 1.00 (.95, 1.05) |
-0.21(0.07)* * | 0.81 (.71,0.93) |
0.52(0.03)* ** | 1.68 (1.58, 1.80) |
| Year 2 vs. 1 (year 1 ref.) |
-0.93(0.02)* ** | 0.40 (.38,0.41) |
-0.18(0.02)* ** | 0.83 (.79,0.87) |
-0.95(0.02)* ** | 0.39 (.37,0.40) |
-0.57(0.05)* ** | 0.57 (.52,0.62) |
-5.29(0.18)* ** | 0.01 (.00,0.01) |
-1.93(0.07)* ** | 0.15 (.13,0.17) |
| Cohort (comparison cohort ref.) |
0.18(0.02)* ** | 1.20 (1.15, 1.25) |
0.22(0.02)* ** | 1.25 (1.19, 1.31) |
0.22(0.02)* ** | 1.24 (1.19, 1.30) |
0.57(0.06)* ** | 1.78 (1.59, 1.99) |
-0.22(0.12)† | .80 (.63, 1.01) |
0.25(0.07)* ** | 1.28 (1.11, 1.48) |
| Cohort X Year | -1.30(0.02)* ** | 0.27 (.26,0.29) |
2.25(0.03)* ** | 9.53 (8.95, 10.20) |
-0.81(0.03)* ** | 0.45 (.42,0.47) |
-0.65(0.06)* ** | 0.52 (.46,0.59) |
-1.20(0.20)* ** | 0.30 (.20,0.45) |
-0.55(0.10)* ** | 0.58 (.48,0.70) |
| Random effects | SD | SD | SD | SD | SD | SD | ||||||
| Level 2 | ||||||||||||
| Interceptb | 1.70 | 1.28 | 1.80 | 15.92 | 23.00 | 11.49 | ||||||
Note: CCI = Charlson Comorbidity Index; PDG = Psychiatric Diagnosis Groups; Est. = Estimate; SE = Standard Error; adjOR = Adjusted Odds Ratio; 95% CI = 95% Confidence Interval; SD = Standard Deviation
a Centered and standardized to overcome scale differences and facilitate model convergence
b Parameter estimate of between person variance around fixed intercept.
†p < .10, *p < .05, * *p < .01, * **p < .001