Table 4.
Fixed and random parameter estimates for linear mixed models predicting the total number of months of MOUD utilization among those who utilized care, between cohorts and over time.
| Buprenorphine Number of Months (n = 23,915) |
Methadone Number of Months (n = 6394) |
Naltrexone Number of Months (n = 9126) |
|
|---|---|---|---|
| Fixed Effects | Est. (SE) | Est. (SE) | Est. (SE) |
| Intercept | 8.76(0.06)* ** | 8.86(0.10)* ** | 4.19(0.07)* ** |
| Agea | .12(0.03)* ** | 1.00(0.07)* ** | 0.19(0.04)* ** |
| Gender (male ref.) |
-0.04(0.11) | -0.22(0.29) | 0.18(0.12) |
| Race/Ethnicity (White ref.) |
-1.08(0.07)* ** | -0.80(0.13)* ** | -0.03(0.07) |
| Rural vs. Urban (urban ref.) |
0.23(0.07)* ** | 0.03(0.15) | -0.33(0.08)* ** |
| CCIa | -.66(0.04)* ** | -0.26(0.06)* ** | -0.20(0.04)* ** |
| PDGa | -.01(0.03) | -0.23(0.07)* ** | 0.24(0.03)* ** |
| Year 1 vs. 2 (year 1 ref.) |
0.15(0.05)* * | -1.49(0.09)* ** | -0.01(0.08) |
| Cohort (comparison cohort ref.) |
0.03(0.07) | -0.77(0.13)* ** | 0.08(0.08) |
| Cohort X Year | 0.27(0.07)* ** | 1.18(0.14)* ** | -0.10(0.11) |
| Random effects | SD | SD | SD |
| Level 2 | |||
| Interceptb | 3.70 | 3.95 | 1.99 |
| Level 1 | |||
| Residual | 3.11 | 2.92 | 2.64 |
Note: CCI = Charlson Comorbidity Index; PDG = Psychiatric Diagnosis Groups; Est. = Estimate; SE = Standard Error; SD = Standard Deviation
a Centered and standardized to overcome scale differences and facilitate model convergence
b Parameter estimate of between person variance around fixed intercept.
†p < .10, *p < .05, * *p < .01, * **p < .001