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Obesity blunts the efficacy of adipose MSC-derived EVs as a therapeutic tool in kidney diseases. Lean adipose MSC-derived EVs cover curative effects, whereas obesity or metabolic syndrome changes their cargoes and blunts their ability to alleviate cell or organ injury. HTN, hypertensive nephropathy; MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase; miRNA, microRNA; mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin; RVD, renovascular disease.
