Table 3.
Genetic salivary biomarkers.
| Author | Country | Number of samples | Biomarker category | Saliva collection time | Saliva collection method | Sample processing | Test method | Results |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cao et al. [70] | USA | 95 OSCC patients/92 healtht patients | DNA: mgmiRs 9-1 124-1, 124-3, 129, 137, 148a |
_ | Unstimulated whole saliva. | Stored at -80°C. | qMS-PCR | The combination of the 7 markers in saliva detects 71.4% of OSCC. |
| FadhilI et al. [68] | Australia | 150 HNSCC patients/80 healthy patients | miRNA: -miR-let-7a-5p -miR-3928 |
Unstimulated whole saliva. | Samples were immediately stored in dry ice and sent for processing in the laboratory. | qRT-PCR analysis, | This study concluded that salivary miR-let-7a-5p and miR-3928 has the potential to be novel noninvasive biomarkers for early detection and prognosis of HNSCC. miR-let-7a-5p significantly influenced by cancer staging and lymph node metastasis. |
|
| Han et al. [19] | USA | 3 OSCC patients/3 healtht patients | mRNA S100P | Between 6 am and 12 am | Unstimulated whole saliva | Centrifuged at2600g/15 min/4°C. | SERS-based assay | The concentration of S100P mRNA in OSCC patients was three times higher than in the healthy group. |
| He et al. [20] | China | 49 OSCC patients/ 14 healthy patients 30 OSCC undergoing surgery (tissue sample) |
miRNA: miR-24-3p |
Morning (9.00 am to 12.00 pm) | Unstimulated whole saliva | Centrifuged at 2600 × g/30 min/4°C. Stored at-80°C. |
qRT-PCR microarray analysis |
RT-PCR confirmed a significant increase of miR-24-3p in 45 OSCC compared to 10 healthy subjects miR-24-3p was expressed higher in OSCC. |
| Liu et al. [34] | Taiwan | 53 OSCC patients/ 43 healthy patients |
mRNA: - LDOC1 |
— | Spitting | Centrifuged at 2000 g/10 min/4°C. stored at −80°C. | qRT- PCR | qRT-PCR data revealed no significant difference between all the OSCC subjects and all the normal subjects. LDOC1 expression levels by gender, there was a significant difference between male and female OSCC subjects compared to normal males and females. |
| Liyanage et al. [69] | Sri-Lanka- Australia | 54 oral cavity cancer patients 34 oropharyngeal cancer/ 60 healthy patients |
DNA: - P16INK4a - RASSF1A - TIMP3 - PCQAP - MED15 |
— | — | Centrifuged at 1200 × g/10 min/4°C. | MS-PCR | RASSF1A, TIMP3 and PCQAP/MED15 appeared hypermethylated in OC and OPC compared to healthy controls. |
| Oh et al. [65] | Korea | 33 OSCC patients/ 34 healthy patients |
mRNA: - NAB2 - CYP27A1 - NPIPB4 - MAOB - SIAE - COL3A1 |
— | Unstimulated whole saliva | Centrifuged at 5600 rpm/15 min/4°C. Stored at -80°C. |
qRT-PCR | -levels of mRNA de MAOB, NAB2, COL3A1, CYP27A1, NPIPB4, SIAE decreased in OSCC. -mayor disminución de niveles de mRNA en MAOB y NAB2. -combination of CYP27A1 + SIAE better for early detection of OSCC. -combination of MAOB+NAB2 better predictive values for younger than 60 with OSCC. |
| Salazar-Ruales et al. [67] | Ecuador | 108 HNSCC | miRNA: - miR-122-5p - miR-92a-3p - miR-124- 3p - miR-205-5p - miR-146a-5p |
— | Unstimulated whole saliva | — | PCR Array | miR-124- 3p decreased in OSCC and miR-146a-5p increased in OSCC. |
| Ueda et al. [21] | Japan | 41 OSCC patients/ 10 healthy patients |
mRNA: C1S, ELFN1, NUS1, RCN1, FCN1, HDHD1, GSTO1, KIAA1257, RSAD2 | Morning | Unstimulated whole saliva | Stored at -80 °C. | qRT-PCR | Significant expression of RCN1 and NUS1 in OSCC patients versus healthy patients. NUS1: False + in healthy patients. RCN1: High predictive value - high. |
| Ueda et al. [66] | Japan | 42 OSCC patients/ 42 healthy patients |
CPLANE1 | Morning preferred | Unstimulated whole saliva | Centrifuged at 14000 × g/2 min. Stored at -20°C. |
qRT-PCR | CPLANE1 expression levels were significantly higher in OSCC patients than in healthy and OPMDs patients. |
AUC: area under curve; COL3A1: collagen type iii, alpha1; CYP27A1: cytochrome P450, family27, subfamilyA, polipeptide1; ddPCR: droplet digital PCR; HNSCC: head and neck squamous cell carcinoma; LCMS/MS: liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry; MAOB: monoaminooxidasa B; miRNA: micro RNA; MS-PCR: methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction; NAB2: NGFI-abinding protein 2; NPIPB4: nuclear pore complex interacting protein family member B4; OSCC: oral squamous cell carcinoma; OPMD: oral potentially malignant disorders; qMS-PCR: quantitave methylation-specific PCR; qRT- PCR: cuantitative real time PCR; ROC: receiver operating characteristics; RT-PCR: real time PCR; SERS: surfaced-enhanced Raman spectroscopy; S100P: S100 calcium-binding protein P; SIAE: sialic acid transferase; -: not specified.