Fig. 1.

A summary of multiple genetic and environmental risk factors implicated in ASD that can be informed by distinct epigenetic profiles in both postmortem brain and perinatal tissues collected prior to diagnosis. ASD autism spectrum disorder, AP3S2 adaptor-related protein complex 3 subunit sigma 2, ARHGAP15 Rho GTPase-activating protein 15, BRSK2 brain-specific serine/threonine-protein kinase 2, CAMK2A calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IIα, CCDC1171/C90rf93 coiled coil domain containing 171, CD44 CD44 molecule (Indian blood group), CHST12 carbohydrate sulfotransferase 12, DGKZ diacylglycerol kinase zeta, DLGAP2 DLG-associated protein 2, EN2 engrailed homeobox 2, EPHA6 EPH receptor A6, ETS1 ETS proto-oncogene 1 transcription factor, FMR1 fragile X messenger ribonucleoprotein 1, GRIA3 glutamate ionotropic receptor AMPA type subunit 3, HDAC3 histone deacetylase 3, IL1B interleukin 1β, ISLR4 immunoglobulin superfamily containing leucine rich repeat, NHIP neuronal hypoxia-inducible placenta-associated, SATB2 SATB homeobox 2, SOCS2 suppressor of cytokine signaling 2, STK38L serine/threonine kinase 38 like, TSPAN32 tetraspanin 32, ZIC3 Zic family member 3. ^a Wong et al. [35]; ^b Nardone et al. [45]; ^c Ladd-Acosta et al. [43]; ^d Cheng et al. [48]; ^e James et al. [46]; ^f Corley et al. [37]; ^g Bakulski et al. [53]; ^h Mordaunt et al. [3]; ⁱ Zhu et al. [54] (full citations provided in the References section)