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. 2022 Nov 1;12:18397. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-23076-1

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Serum MPO-DNA complex levels and their correlations with clinical parameters in SLE patients. (A) Serum MPO-DNA complex levels in HCs (n = 19) and SLE patients with low disease activity (n = 16) and high disease activity (n = 17). *P < 0.05, one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparisons test. Patients with high disease activity was defined SLEDAI-2K > 10. (B) Correlations between serum MPO-DNA complex levels and clinical parameters, including white blood cell, neutrophil, and monocyte counts; CRP and IC-C1q levels; and anti-dsDNA antibody titers in SLE patients. n = 33 for each clinical parameter, except for IC-C1q levels (n = 22); Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients. (C) Serum levels of MPO-DNA were compared between anti-dsDNA antibody-positive (n = 15) and -negative (n = 18) patients. *P < 0.05; Mann–Whitney U test. Error bars represent median ± IQR. Anti-dsDNA: anti-double stranded DNA antibody; CRP; C-reactive protein; HC: healthy controls; IC-C1q: C1q-binding immune complexes; HDA: high disease activity; LDA: low disease activity; Mono; monocyte; Neu: neutrophil; SLE; systemic lupus erythematosus; WBC: white blood cell.