Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the study participants.
| Acute effect of exercise (sub-study) |
Long-term effect of exercise (secondary analyses) |
|||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Endurance (n = 14) |
Resistance (n = 17) |
CON (n = 36) |
MOD-EX (n = 33) |
VIG-EX (n = 33) |
||||||
| Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | |
| Demographics | ||||||||||
| Age (years) | 21.8 | 2.5 | 22.4 | 2.5 | 22.1 | 2.1 | 22.1 | 2.2 | 22.2 | 2.5 |
| Male (n, %) | 2 | 14% | 6 | 35% | 16 | 40% | 9 | 27% | 10 | 30% |
| Female (n, %) | 12 | 86% | 11 | 64% | 24 | 60% | 24 | 73% | 24 | 70% |
| Caucasian (n, %) | 14 | 100% | 17 | 100% | 36 | 100% | 33 | 100% | 33 | 100% |
| Body composition | ||||||||||
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.2 | 4.0 | 25.3 | 4.2 | 24.3 | 4.2 | 25.1 | 4.3 | 25.2 | 4.4 |
| Lean mass (kg) | 39.6 | 7.2 | 41.8 | 9.0 | 41.9 | 10.8 | 40.9 | 7.9 | 42.0 | 9.5 |
| Fat mass (kg) | 24.1 | 9.5 | 26.2 | 6.7 | 23.3 | 7.5 | 25.6 | 9.1 | 25.8 | 7.9 |
| Fat mass (%) | 35.9 | 10.0 | 37.1 | 6.3 | 34.5 | 7.2 | 36.6 | 8.6 | 36.5 | 6.7 |
| VAT mass (g) | 326 | 173 | 378 | 160 | 323 | 165 | 359 | 184 | 360 | 185 |
| Physical Fitness | ||||||||||
| Handgrip strength (kg) | 30.3 | 5.1 | 31.6 | 9.1 | 31.9 | 8.2 | 30.6 | 7.7 | 31.0 | 7.7 |
| RM leg press (kg) | 205.2 | 54.8 | 210.3 | 69.6 | 207.3 | 74.7 | 193.3 | 57.8 | 200.5 | 67.4 |
| RM bench press (kg) | 28.0 | 10.0 | 31.6 | 13.1 | 33.2 | 17.0 | 28.6 | 10.5 | 30.8 | 13.0 |
| VO2peak (ml/kg/min) | 40.7 | 7.2 | 40.0 | 9.6 | 42.5 | 9.2 | 40.5 | 6.7 | 40.2 | 8.7 |
| Time to exhaustion (s) | 806 | 236 | 872 | 219 | 892 | 231 | 938 | 191 | 949 | 179 |
Data are presented as mean and standard deviation (SD) unless otherwise stated.
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; CON, control group: MOD-EX, moderate-intensity exercise group; RM, repetition maximum; VAT, visceral adipose tissue; VIG-EX, vigorous-intensity exercise group; VO2, oxygen consumption.