Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of hospitalizations stratified by heart failure subtype
| Characteristics | No CHF | HFrEF | HFpEF |
|---|---|---|---|
| No. of AF ablations | 45,302 | 2715 | 2282 |
| Age (y) [mean (SE)] | 63.4 (0.15) | 68.2 (0.39) | 72.3 (0.39) |
| Age group (y) | |||
| <65 | 22,541 (49.8) | 927 (34.1) | 504 (22.1) |
| 65–74 | 16,263 (35.9) | 910 (33.5) | 777 (34.0) |
| ≥75 | 6498 (14.3) | 878 (32.4) | 1002 (43.9) |
| Female | 16,663 (36.8) | 870 (32.0) | 1403 (61.5) |
| CAD | 10,257 (22.6) | 1411 (52.0) | 927 (40.6) |
| Previous PCI | 3250 (7.1) | 395 (14.6) | 252 (11.0) |
| Previous PPM | 4495 (9.9) | 457 (16.8) | 726 (31.8) |
| Previous ICD | 1092 (2.4) | 957 (35.2) | 95 (4.2) |
| Hypertension | 26,821 (59.2) | 1242 (45.8) | 1279 (56.03) |
| Diabetes mellitus | 8178 (18.1) | 891 (32.8) | 727 (31.9) |
| Hyperlipidemia | 7505 (46.1) | 606 (49.5) | 629 (56.9) |
| Obesity | 6727 (14.8) | 478 (17.6) | 564 (24.7) |
| History of stroke | 2515 (5.6) | 205 (7.6) | 220 (9.7) |
| Valvular disease | 4997 (11.0) | 664 (24.4) | 594 (26.0) |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 1257 (2.8) | 205 (7.6) | 128 (5.6) |
| Pulmonary hypertension | 781 (1.7) | 231 (8.5) | 281 (12.3) |
| Chronic lung disease | 5593 (12.3) | 690 (25.4) | 712 (31.2) |
| Smoking | 2154 (4.8) | 190 (7.0) | 148 (6.5) |
| Renal disease | 1945 (4.3) | 748 (27.5) | 452 (19.8) |
| Alcohol abuse | 477 (1.1) | 56 (2.1) | 27 (1.2) |
| Substance abuse | 164 (0.4) | 24 (0.9) | 8 (0.3) |
| Cancer | 388 (0.9) | 47 (1.7) | 63 (2.8) |
| Anemia | 1983 (4.4) | 320 (11.8) | 359 (15.7) |
| Coagulopathy | 677 (1.5) | 113 (4.2) | 91 (4.0) |
| Elixhauser co-morbidity score >4 | 3248 (7.2) | 1261 (46.4) | 1160 (50.8) |
| Hospital AF ablation volume | |||
| First tertile (lowest) | 15,096 (33.3) | 1387 (51.1) | 1110 (48.6) |
| Second tertile | 15,363 (33.9) | 872 (32.1) | 723 (31.7) |
| Third tertile (highest) | 14,843 (32.8) | 455 (16.8) | 449 (19.7) |
| Teaching hospital | 33,733 (74.5) | 2024 (74.6) | 1627 (71.3) |
| Median household income | |||
| First quartile (lowest) | 8173 (18.3) | 697 (26.0) | 531 (23.6) |
| Second quartile | 10,274 (23.0) | 718 (26.8) | 595 (26.5) |
| Third quartile | 12,098 (27.2) | 614 (22.9) | 510 (22.7) |
| Fourth quartile (highest) | 13,997 (31.4) | 653 (24.3) | 610 (27.2) |
| Primary payer | |||
| Medicare | 22,431 (49.5) | 1929 (71.1) | 1768 (77.5) |
| Medicaid | 1255 (2.8) | 92 (3.4) | 47.7 (2.1) |
| Private including HMO | 20,183 (44.6) | 592 (21.8) | 406 (17.8) |
| Self-pay/no charge/other | 1417 (3.1) | 98 (3.6) | 60 (2.6) |
| Hospital region | |||
| Urban | 44,945 (99.2) | 2678 (98.6) | 2199 (96.4) |
| Hospital bed size | |||
| Small | 1494 (3.3) | 94 (3.5) | 114 (5.0) |
| Medium | 7773 (17.2) | 446 (16.4) | 458 (20.0) |
| Large | 36,035 (79.5) | 2175 (80.1) | 1710 (74.9) |
| Length of stay ≥3 days | 10,670 (23.6) | 1664 (61.3) | 1421 (62.3) |
| LOS, days | 0.89 [0.40–1.92] | 2.83 [1.12–5.63] | 2.88 [1.13–5.84] |
| Cost ($) | 23,199 [16,940–29,773] | 18,685 [10,014–29,284] | 22,728 [13,179–31,355] |
Values are given as n (%) or mean [interquartile range] unless otherwise indicated.
AF = atrial fibrillation; CAD = coronary artery disease; CHF = congestive heart failure; HFpEF = heart failure with preserved ejection fraction; HFrEF = heart failure with reduced ejection fraction; HMO = health maintenance organization; ICD = implantable cardioverter-defibrillator; LOS = length of stay; PCI = percutaneous coronary intervention; PPM = permanent pacemaker.