TABLE 1.
Comparison of the demographic characteristics and lifestyles between groups
| Variables | NTOVCF (n = 208) | Control (n = 220) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) a | 73.9 ± 4.6 | 73.1 ± 3.6 | 0.101 | |
| Gender (female/male) b | 143/65 | 136/84 | 0.133 | |
| Menopausal age (years) a | 49.5 ± 3.0 | 50.0 ± 2.9 | 0.221 | |
| BMI (kg/m2) a | 22.97 ± 1.82 | 23.11 ± 3.42 | 0.606 | |
| Region of the patient (n) b | Northern female | 34 (16.3%) | 40 (18.2%) | 0.315 |
| Northern male | 13 (6.3%) | 19 (8.6%) | ||
| Southern female | 109 (52.4%) | 96 (43.6%) | ||
| Southern male | 52 (25.0%) | 65 (29.5%) | ||
| Cigarette smoking b | Never | 158 | 165 | 0.355 |
| Previous | 39 | 36 | ||
| Present | 11 | 19 | ||
| Alcohol drinking b | Never | 151 | 148 | 0.286 |
| Previous | 48 | 65 | ||
| Present | 9 | 7 | ||
| Daily activity b | Underactivity | 173 | 139 | 0.000 |
| Normal | 35 | 81 | ||
| Calcium tablets taken b | Daily use | 33 | 25 | 0.392 |
| Irregular taken | 56 | 61 | ||
| Never | 119 | 134 | ||
| Vitamin D3 supplement b | Daily use | 3 | 7 | 0.404 |
| Irregular taken | 21 | 18 | ||
| Never | 184 | 195 | ||
Notes: The North–South boundary refers to the Qinling‐Huaihe line.
Abbreviation: BMI, body mass index.
a
Values were expressed as mean ± SD and evaluated by the student's t‐test.
b
Values were expressed as numbers and compared using the Chi‐square test.