TABLE 2.

Summary of the studies in bladder cancer using single-cell technologies.

Events	Species	Sample/Tissue	Technology	References
The heterogeneity and differentiation of bladder urothelial cells	Human, mouse	Normal bladder urothelium, injured bladder mucous, organoids	scRNA-seq	(Santos et al., 2019; Yu et al., 2019; Li et al., 2021b; Cheng et al., 2021)
The heterogeneity of bladder cancer	Human, mouse	Bladder tumors, adjacent normal mucosae	scRNA-seq, scATAC -seq	(Zhang et al., 2016; Sfakianos et al., 2020; Wang et al., 2021a; Kerzeli et al., 2021; Lai et al., 2021)
The genetic characteristics of bladder cancer stem cells	Human	Bladder tumor and normal adjacent tissue	scWES-seq, scDNA-seq, scATAC-seq	(Li et al., 2012; Yang et al., 2017; Wang et al., 2021a)
The composition of the bladder tumor microenvironment	Human, mouse	Bladder tumors and normal adjacent tissue, young and aged murine bladders	scRNA-seq, scTCR-seq, sc-CyTOF	(Chen et al., 2020; Ligon et al., 2020; Oh et al., 2020; Wang et al., 2021b; Feng et al., 2021)
The detection of urinary exfoliated tumor cells	Human	Urinary exfoliated tumor cells	scWGS-seq	(Chen et al., 2018; Wang et al., 2020)
The drug resistance in bladder cancer	Human, mouse	Human primary bladder tumor cells, PDX human cells, and PDX mouse TME cells	scRNA-seq	(Tanaka et al., 2018; Lee et al., 2020; Wang et al., 2021c)
The prognosis of bladder cancer	Human	Bladder tumors and normal adjacent tissue	scRNA-seq, snRNA-seq	(Gouin et al., 2021; Lai et al., 2021; Zhou et al., 2021)