Table 2.

Differences between participants with and without (complex) post-traumatic stress disorder (C) PTSD (N = 410).

	A: Participants without PTSD (n = 153)		B: Participants with PTSD (n = 23)		C: Participants with CPTSD (n = 234)		F	Post-hoc	p
Variables	M	SD	M	SD	M	SD
Age	24.99	9.09	26.26	7.39	25.34	7.68	0.261	A = B = C	0.770
Childhood betrayal trauma	1.22	1.27	1.57	1.31	1.97	1.35	15.208	A < C	0.000
Childhood non-betrayal trauma	0.59	0.85	1.00	1.13	1.19	1.15	14.982	A < C	0.000
Adulthood betrayal trauma	0.95	1.09	1.22	1.00	1.64	1.23	16.414	A < C	0.000
Adulthood non-betrayal trauma	0.59	0.82	1.17	1.11	1.12	1.20	11.999	A < B, A < C	0.000
Interpersonal stress	15.02	3.54	15.22	3.94	16.47	3.83	7.305	A < C	0.001
Perceived family support	3.64	1.48	4.09	1.74	3.47	1.69	1.750	A = B = C	0.175
Depressive symptoms	17.84	4.55	16.57	3.24	20.64	4.19	24.965	A < C, B < C	0.000
Psychoform dissociative symptoms	67.58	21.19	64.52	22.37	84.87	25.55	27.811	A < C, B < C	0.000
Somatoform dissociative symptoms	6.22	1.80	5.96	2.20	7.18	2.64	9.250	A < C	0.000
Positive psychotic symptoms	31.15	7.49	32.30	8.95	38.66	11.70	26.374	A < C, B < C	0.000
Negative psychotic symptoms	36.27	7.65	31.13	8.80	39.28	8.21	14.611	A>B, A < C, B < C	0.000
Variables		Percentage		Percentage		Percentage	χ2	df	p
Gender (female)		89.5%		91.3%		93.2%	3.489	4	0.480
Marital status (married)		13.7%		34.8%		18.8%	6.429	2	0.040
Education level (Bachelor's degree or above)		37.9%		47.8%		40.2%	0.860	2	0.650
Being unemployed		43.8%		34.8%		41.0%	2.789	4	0.594
Financially dependent on partners, friends, family or other people		57.5%		39.1%		50.0%	3.761	2	0.152
Financially dependent on social welfare		13.1%		13.0%		18.4%	2.095	2	0.351
Prior major depression diagnosis		36.6%		26.1%		45.7%	5.482	2	0.064
Currently seeing a psychiatrist		17.6%		17.4%		28.6%	7.892	4	0.096
Prior PTSD diagnosis		4.6%		30.4%		23.5%	26.905	2	0.000
Prior CPTSD diagnosis		2.0%		13.0%		1.4%	29.552	2	0.000