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. 2022 Oct 19;10:1023700. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1023700

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Copyright © 2022 Yu, Li, Zhang, Xu, Zhang and Bai.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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The roles of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in the oral cavity. The diverse sources of EVs in the oral cavity have allowed their involvement in a wide variety of physiological and pathological processes. (A–E) Schematic illustrating the promising clinical applications by which EVs may contribute to the diagnosis and treatment of diseases. Evidence supporting these applications is discussed in detail in the text. Note that EVs exert their function mainly in three ways: 1. source of EVs; 2. microenvironment in which EVs parent cells are located; 3. engineering of bilayer membrane vesicles structure. It is increasingly apparent that the clinical applications of EVs in the oral cavity are widespread, and the underlying signaling network needs to be deciphered. (MSCs: Mesenchymal stem cells).