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. 2022 Sep 20;28(12):1908–1920. doi: 10.1111/cns.13954

FIGURE 3.

FIGURE 3

The role of PVMs in hypertension‐associated cognitive impairment. PVMs can mediate hypertension‐associated neurovascular and cognitive dysfunction in many ways. Expressing Col1a1MRNA, PVMs mediate the production of type I collagen. Collagen deposits around the cerebral small vessels induces the change of atherosclerosis during hypertension. Circulating AngII can activate Atr1 on PVMs, resulting in NOX2‐dependent ROS production, which then leads to cerebral vascular dysfunction and cognitive impairment. PVMs produce PGE2 through COX‐2, PGE 2 enters the brain parenchyma and activates PGE2 receptors on the PVN and the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM), leading to sympathetic activation and an increase in blood pressure.