EXHIBIT 2.
Intervention | Net costsb (US$ Millions) (negative numbers indicate cost savings) | Cases of Childhood Obesity Prevented (2025) | Health care costs saved per $spentc ($US) |
---|---|---|---|
1) Sugar Sweetened Beverage Excise Tax (SSB Excise Tax) |
−$12,223 | 575,936 | $30.78 |
95% uncertainty interval | −$40,645 – −2,281 | 131,794–1,890,715 | 6.07–112.94 |
2) Restaurant menu calorie labeling (Restaurant Calorie Labeling) |
−4,032 | 41,015 | $ 5.90 |
95% uncertainty interval | −$13,811–5,421 | −41,324–122,396 | −5.06–18.00 |
3) Eliminate tax subsidy for advertising unhealthy food to children (Ad Tax Deduction) |
$−224 | 129,061 | $32.53 |
95% uncertainty interval | −$372 – −81 |
48,200–212,365 | $12.42–53.35 |
4) Nutrition standards for school meals (School Meals) |
$5,552 | 1,815,966 | $0.42 |
95% uncertainty interval | $2,120–10,834 | −547,074 – 3,381,312 | −0.13 – 0.78 |
5) Nutrition standards for all foods and beverages sold in schools (Smart Snacks in School) | −$684 | 344,649 | $4.56 |
95% uncertainty interval | −$1,155 – −217) | 163,023–522,285 | $2.13–7.01 |
6) Improved early care and education policies and practices (NAPSAAC) |
$637 | 26,728 | $0.03 |
95% uncertainty interval | $622–652 | 4,450–48,603 | $0.004–0.05 |
7) Increased access to bariatric surgery (Bariatric) |
$262 | -- | --- |
95% uncertainty interval | $180–346 |
Notes:
Authors’ calculations based on microsimulation model described in Appendix A2.
Costs are in 2014 dollars.
Cost saving interventions result in at least $1 of healthcare costs saved per $1 spent on the intervention.