Table III.
Association between history of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and adverse pregnancy outcomes among deliveries by study sample women aged ≥18 between 1 October 2013 and 31 December 2017, stratified by history of subfertility/infertility treatment.
| No diagnosis of PCOS |
Diagnosis of PCOS |
Adjusted relative risk (95% CI)1 | P-value test for homogeneity2 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | % | n | % | |||
| Gestational diabetes | ||||||
| Non-infertile | 5001 | 7.2 | 135 | 12.1 | 1.37 (1.17–1.61) | 0.51 |
| Subfertility/infertility | 1005 | 8.6 | 235 | 13.9 | 1.54 (1.34–1.76) | |
| ART | 684 | 9.8 | 120 | 16.2 | 1.42 (1.17–1.72) | |
| PIH/eclampsia/preeclampsia | ||||||
| Non-infertile | 6707 | 9.6 | 168 | 15.1 | 1.27 (1.10–1.47) | 0.24 |
| Subfertility/infertility | 1272 | 10.8 | 236 | 13.9 | 1.13 (0.99–1.28) | |
| ART | 1098 | 15.8 | 172 | 23.2 | 1.25 (1.08–1.46) | |
| Cesarean section3 | ||||||
| Non-infertile | 20 395 | 29.3 | 363 | 32.5 | 1.07 (0.99–1.16) | 0.16 |
| Subfertility/infertility | 4307 | 36.7 | 575 | 33.9 | 0.96 (0.90–1.03) | |
| ART | 3382 | 48.7 | 335 | 45.3 | 0.98 (0.90–1.06) | |
| Small for gestational age4 | ||||||
| Non-infertile | 4715 | 6.8 | 81 | 7.4 | 1.11 (0.89–1.39) | 0.52 |
| Subfertility/infertility | 894 | 7.6 | 141 | 8.3 | 1.11 (0.93–1.32) | |
| ART | 728 | 9.5 | 69 | 8.7 | 1.00 (0.78–1.28) | |
| Large for gestational age4 | ||||||
| Non-infertile | 6470 | 9.3 | 107 | 9.8 | 0.93 (0.78–1.12) | 0.66 |
| Subfertility/infertility | 1149 | 9.8 | 176 | 10.3 | 1.01 (0.86–1.17) | |
| ART | 632 | 8.3 | 67 | 8.4 | 0.90 (0.70–1.15) | |
| Low birthweight (<2500 g) | ||||||
| Non-infertile | 3489 | 5.0 | 72 | 6.4 | 1.28 (1.01–1.61) | 0.12 |
| Subfertility/infertility | 958 | 7.9 | 167 | 9.5 | 1.14 (0.97–1.33) | |
| ART | 1353 | 17.2 | 139 | 16.9 | 1.05 (0.88–1.24) | |
| Preterm birth (<37 weeks) | ||||||
| Non-infertile | 4179 | 6.0 | 83 | 7.4 | 1.21 (0.97–1.52) | 0.29 |
| Subfertility/infertility | 1135 | 9.5 | 184 | 10.6 | 1.04 (0.89–1.21) | |
| ART | 1566 | 20.1 | 168 | 20.6 | 1.11 (0.94–1.30) | |
| Neonatal prolonged hospital stay4,5 | ||||||
| Non-infertile | 2582 | 3.8 | 59 | 5.5 | 1.25 (0.99–1.59) | 0.52 |
| Subfertility/infertility | 535 | 4.7 | 98 | 5.9 | 1.20 (0.98–1.46) | |
| ART | 645 | 9.1 | 75 | 10.2 | 1.11 (0.88–1.41) | |
Crude and adjusted relative risk approximated using general estimating equations with a log link and Poisson distribution to take into account multiple deliveries by the same women; multivariate models adjusted for maternal age (continuous), BMI (<25.0, 25.0+, unknown), race (non-Hispanic White, other race/ethnicity, unknown), education (high school + some college, completed college, unknown), plurality (singleton, multiples), birth year (2013–2017 ordinal categorical variable) and history of hypertension or diabetes.
Based on generalized estimating equations type 3 estimates.
Excluding those with unknown mode of delivery.
Limited to live births only.
Limited analysis to those whose gestational age ≥35 weeks, with known data on mode of delivery and birth hospital records.
PIH, pregnancy-induced hypertension.