Table 1.
Baseline (visit 1) characteristics of cardiovascular health status categories at visit 5.
| Healthy (N=1875, 11.95%) |
Subclinical disease (N=2749, 17.52%) |
Clinical CVD (N=1712, 10.91%) |
Pre-visit 5 death (N=5759, 36.71%) |
p value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 49.9±4.29 | 52.8±5.09 | 53.3±5.34 | 56.8±5.47 | <0.001 | |
| Black, % | 25.01 | 18.26 | 26.52 | 31.53 | <0.001 | |
| Female, % | 64.59 | 60.82 | 48.01 | 46.05 | <0.001 | |
| Smoking status, % | Never | 52.19 | 50.87 | 41.96 | 30.88 | <0.001 |
| Former | 31.09 | 32.59 | 37.17 | 31.95 | ||
| Current | 16.72 | 16.53 | 20.86 | 37.17 | ||
| Current drinking, % | 62.58 | 61.41 | 56.63 | 51.68 | <0.001 | |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 26.5±4.47 | 26.8±4.68 | 28.3±5.32 | 28.3±5.79 | <0.001 | |
| Fasting glucose, mg/dL | 98.5±16.91 | 100.9±22.37 | 106.3±31.15 | 119.8±56.28 | <0.001 | |
| Hypertension, % | 16.94 | 22.21 | 37.93 | 47.71 | <0.001 | |
| Diabetes, % | 2.79 | 4.93 | 10.20 | 21.00 | <0.001 | |
| Total cholesterol, mg/dL | 205.7±39.06 | 210.8±39.00 | 218.1±42.27 | 217.8±43.79 | <0.001 | |
| LDL cholesterol, mg/dL | 128.8±36.81 | 132.8±36.52 | 142.6±40.53 | 140.5±40.28 | <0.001 | |
| HDL cholesterol, mg/dL | 54.4±16.64 | 54.9±17.23 | 48.9±16.21 | 49.0±17.04 | <0.001 | |
| Triglycerides, mg/dL | 94 (71, 136) | 98 (72, 140) | 116 (83, 163) | 121 (86, 174) | <0.001 | |
| Lipid-lowering medication use, % | 1.56 | 1.65 | 3.65 | 3.63 | <0.001 | |
| HbA1c, % | 5.3 (5.1, 5.6) | 5.4 (5.1, 5.6) | 5.5 (5.3, 5.9) | 5.7 (5.3, 6.2) | <0.001 | |
| eGFR, mL/min/1.73m2 | 107.2±13.93 | 102.3±13.20 | 103.1±14.80 | 99.9±18.16 | <0.001 | |
| SBP, mmHg | 113.2±14.81 | 116.3±15.70 | 121.3±16.73 | 127.0±21.19 | <0.001 | |
| DBP, mmHg | 72.0±9.97 | 72.2±10.08 | 75.1±11.05 | 74.8±12.48 | <0.001 | |
| Pulse pressure, mmHg | 41.2±9.56 | 44.0±10.98 | 46.2±11.83 | 52.1±15.94 | <0.001 | |
| BP-lowering medication use, % | 14.56 | 19.18 | 35.75 | 41.23 | <0.001 | |
Data presented as mean±SD, median (25th, 75th percentiles), or percentage. P-values for linear trend were calculated by using trend test across ordered groups. Healthy cardiovascular status was defined as visit 5 hs-TnT <14 ng/L, NT-proBNP <125 pg/mL, and LVEF ≥50%, and without prevalent coronary heart disease, stroke, or heart failure. Pre-visit 5 death included those who did not participate in visit 5 whose dates of death were before the end of visit 5 (August 31, 2013). Missing included individuals who did not attend visit 5 (not including pre-visit 5 death) or those missing data on NT-proBNP, hs-TnT, LVEF, or known clinical CVD status at visit 5.
BMI = body mass index; BP = blood pressure; CVD = cardiovascular disease; DBP = diastolic blood pressure; eGFR = estimated glomerular filtration rate; HbA1c = hemoglobin A1c; HDL = high-density lipoprotein; hs-TnT = high-sensitivity troponin T; LDL = low-density lipoprotein; LVEF = left ventricular ejection fraction; NT-proBNP = N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide; SBP = systolic blood pressure