Table 2.
Multinomial logistic regression analysis evaluating the association between categories of clinical risk factors measured in midlife (visit 1a) with cardiovascular health status in older age (visit 5). Association expressed as odds ratio (95% confidence interval).
| Healthy vs Subclinical Disease | Healthy vs Clinical CVD | Healthy vs Death | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||
| SBP, mmHg | <110 | -Ref- | -Ref- | -Ref- |
| 110–119 | 1.06 (0.91–1.24) | 1.20 (0.99–1.44) | 1.29 (1.10–1.52) | |
| 120–129 | 1.30 (1.09–1.55) | 1.87 (1.53–2.29) | 1.99 (1.66–2.39) | |
| 130–139 | 1.34 (1.06–1.70) | 2.11 (1.63–2.72) | 2.32 (1.84–2.93) | |
| ≥140 | 1.59 (1.21–2.09) | 2.56 (1.92–3.41) | 4.60 (3.55–5.96) | |
|
| ||||
| DBP, mmHg | <70 | -Ref- | -Ref- | -Ref- |
| 70–79 | 1.05 (0.91–1.21) | 1.28 (1.08–1.50) | 1.17 (1.01–1.36) | |
| 80–89 | 1.28 (1.07–1.54) | 1.57 (1.28–1.93) | 1.45 (1.21–1.75) | |
| >90 | 1.69 (1.23–2.33) | 2.47 (1.77–3.45) | 3.46 (2.55–4.68) | |
|
| ||||
| PP, mmHg | <40 | -Ref- | -Ref- | -Ref- |
| 40–49 | 1.22 (1.06–1.40) | 1.35 (1.15–1.59) | 1.42 (1.23–1.64) | |
| 50–59 | 1.25 (1.03–1.50) | 1.88 (1.53–2.31) | 2.05 (1.70–2.48) | |
| ≥60 | 1.76 (1.32–2.33) | 2.78 (2.07–3.74) | 4.88 (3.73–6.40) | |
|
| ||||
| LDL-C, mg/dL | <100 | -Ref- | -Ref- | -Ref- |
| 100–129 | 0.93 (0.78–1.11) | 0.97 (0.78–1.21) | 0.82 (0.68–0.99) | |
| 130–160 | 0.94 (0.79–1.13) | 1.13 (0.90–1.40) | 0.91 (0.75–1.10) | |
| >160 | 1.00 (0.82–1.23) | 1.71 (1.36–2.15) | 1.24 (1.01–1.52) | |
|
| ||||
| TG, mg/dL | <70 | -Ref- | -Ref- | -Ref- |
| 70–99 | 0.90 (0.76–1.06) | 1.13 (0.91–1.40) | 0.95 (0.79–1.15) | |
| 100–149 | 0.85 (0.71–1.01) | 1.29 (1.04–1.59) | 1.08 (0.89–1.30) | |
| 150–200 | 0.79 (0.63–0.99) | 1.28 (0.99–1.66) | 1.20 (0.95–1.51) | |
| >200 | 0.72 (0.56–0.93) | 1.28 (0.97–1.69) | 1.26 (0.98–1.61) | |
|
| ||||
| HbA1c, % | <5 | 1.02 (0.82–1.26) | 1.17 (0.90–1.53) | 1.38 (1.08–1.75) |
| 5.0–5.4 | -Ref- | -Ref- | -Ref- | |
| 5.5–5.9 | 0.93 (0.81–1.08) | 1.29 (1.09–1.53) | 1.23 (1.06–1.44) | |
| 6.0–6.4 | 1.02 (0.77–1.35) | 1.67 (1.25–2.24) | 2.15 (1.64–2.80) | |
| ≥6.5 | 1.64 (1.08–2.47) | 1.90 (1.23–2.91) | 3.91 (2.64–5.79) | |
|
| ||||
| BMI, kg/m 2 | <25 | -Ref- | -Ref- | -Ref- |
| 25–<30 | 1.00 (0.87–1.16) | 1.09 (0.92–1.30) | 1.00 (0.86–1.17) | |
| 30–<35 | 1.24 (1.01–1.51) | 1.41 (1.13–1.77) | 1.46 (1.19–1.78) | |
| ≥35 | 1.46 (1.08–1.98) | 2.26 (1.65–3.10) | 3.10 (2.32–4.15) | |
Adjustment for age, sex, race, SBP, antihypertensive medication use, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, diabetes status, and current smoking status. (Note: SBP was omitted in SBP, PP, and DBP models; total cholesterol and HDL cholesterol were omitted in LDL-C and TG models).
HbA1c measured at visit 2; data not available for visit 1.
BMI = body mass index; CVD = cardiovascular disease; DBP = diastolic blood pressure; HbA1c = hemoglobin A1c; HDL = high-density lipoprotein; LDL-C = low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; PP = pulse pressure; SBP = systolic blood pressure; TG = triglycerides