Table 2.
Senescence inducers: targeted therapies.
| Class | Drug | Cancer | Model |
|---|---|---|---|
| CDK4/6 inhibitors | Palbociclib | Breast cancer | V720 [98]; MCF‐7, T47D [99] |
| Gastric cancer | AGS, MKN‐45 [100] | ||
| Glioblastoma | DBTRG‐05MG, LN229, U87MG [101] | ||
| HNSCC | CAL27, HN31, PCI15B [102] | ||
| HCC | Huh7, SK‐Hep1 [103] | ||
| Liposarcoma | U2OS [104]; LS8107 [105] | ||
| Lung cancer | A549, H2030, H460 [106]; LSL‐KrasG12V;RERT +/ERT mouse model [107] | ||
| Melanoma | SK‐MEL‐103, SK‐MEL‐103 xenografts [108]; MEL‐10 [109]; SKMEL2 [98] | ||
| OSCC | SAS, OECM1 [110] | ||
| Osteosarcoma | U2OS [98] | ||
| Abemaciclib | Breast cancer | MD‐MB‐453 [111, 112, 113]; BT474 [113]; MCF‐7 [114]; MMTV‐rtTA/tetO‐HER2 mouse model [113] | |
| Ribociclib | Ewing sarcoma | SKNEP‐1 [115] | |
| Neuroblastoma | BE2C, IMR5, EBC1 [116] | ||
| Ovarian cancer | Hey1 [117] | ||
| Epigenetic modulators | 5‐azacytidine | HCC | HepG2 [118, 119]; Huh‐7 [119] |
| Prostate cancer | LNCaP, C4‐2B [82] | ||
| 5‐aza‐2′‐deoxycytidine/decitabine | CML | K‐562, MEG‐01, KBM‐5 [120] | |
| Lung mesothelioma | H28 [121] | ||
| Osteosarcoma | U2OS [122] | ||
| HDACi | SAHA/vorinostat | AML | MOLM‐7, HL‐60, JURK‐MK1 [123] |
| Colorectal cancer | HCT‐116 [124] | ||
| T‐cell lymphoma | MyLa, MJ [125] | ||
| Sirtinol | Breast cancer | MCF‐7 [126, 127] | |
| CML | K562 [128] | ||
| Lung cancer | H1299 [126] | ||
| AURK inhibitors | Alisertib | Colorectal carcinoma | HCT‐116, HCT‐116 xenografts [129] |
| Glioblastoma | GB169 [130] | ||
| Lung cancer | A549 [131] | ||
| Pancreatic cancer | AsPC‐1, BxPC‐3, MIA PaCa‐2, PANC‐1 [132] | ||
| Barasertib | Lung cancer | A549 [131] | |
| Melanoma | A375 [133] | ||
| Danusertib | Glioblastoma | GBM2, G166 [134] | |
| Tozasertib | Lung cancer | A549 [131] | |
| PLK inhibitors | BI‐2536 | Colorectal carcinoma | HCT‐116 [135, 136]; SW480, HCT‐116 xenografts [135] |
| Lung cancer | A549 [135] | ||
| BI‐6727/volasertib | Colorectal carcinoma | HCT‐116 [136] | |
| Lung cancer | A549 [137] | ||
| CFI‐400945 | HCC | MHCC97L [138] | |
| Ovarian cancer | OCC1, ES2 [139] | ||
| Prostate cancer | 22Rv1, DU145, PC‐3, LNCaP, C4‐2 [140] | ||
| PARP inhibitors | Olaparib | AML | KASUMI and NB4‐LR2 [141] |
| Breast cancer | MDA‐MB‐231, OV4453, OV1946 and MDA‐MB‐231 xenografts [142] | ||
| Ovarian cancer | OV1369(R2), OV90, OV4453, OV1946 [142]; SKVO3, A2780, OVCAR‐3 [143] | ||
| Prostate cancer | LNCaP, C4‐2B [144] | ||
| Rucaparib | Prostate cancer | LNCaP, C4‐2B, PC‐3 [145] | |
| Niraparib/Talazoparib | Ovarian cancer | OV1369(R2) [142] | |
| ABT‐888/veliparib | Breast cancer | MCF‐7, MCF‐7 xenografts [146] | |
| Cdc7 inhibitor | XL413 | HCC | Hep3B, Huh7, MHCC97H, PLC/PRF/5 p53 mutant cells [147] |
| Hormone therapy | Tamoxifen | Breast cancer | MCF‐7 [148, 149] |
| ADT | Prostate cancer | LNCaP [150, 151]; LAPC4; LuCaP [151]; Patient biopsies [151] | |
| Bicalutamide | Prostate cancer | LNCaP, LAPC4 [152] | |
| Immunotherapy | Rituximab | B cell lymphoma | EHEB, RC‐48, SD1 [153] |
| Trastuzumab & pertuzumab | Breast cancer | SK‐BR‐3 [154] | |
| VEGF/VEGFR inhibitors | Bevacizumab | Colorectal cancer | MIP101, RKO, SW620, SW480 [155] |
| AZD‐2171 | Colorectal cancer | HCT‐116 [156] | |
| MEK inhibitor | Trametinib | Melanoma | A375, D04 [157]; DMBC11, DMBC12, DMBC21, DMBC28, DMBC17 [158] |
| Lung cancer | A549, H2030, H460 [106] | ||
| B‐Raf inhibitor | Vemurafenib | Melanoma | DMBC11, DMBC12, DMBC21, DMBC28, DMBC17 [158]; M14, M19‐Mel, Malme 3 M, SK‐MEL‐28, UACC‐62, Mel2a, FM88 [159] |
| SKP2 inhibitor | Lung cancer | A549, H1299 [160] | |
| Prostate cancer | PC‐3 [161, 162] |