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. 2022 Jan 18;2(1):73–84. doi: 10.1016/j.jacasi.2021.10.012

Table 2.

Echocardiographic Characteristics

Total (N = 505) Grade A (n = 153) Grade B (n = 217) Grade C (n = 135) P Value
EDVI, mL/m2 51 (39-65) 40 (21-53) 48 (38-65) 52 (40-65) 0.49
ESVI, mL/m2 19 (14-26) 21 (15-26) 18 (13-25) 20 (14-26) 0.26
LVEF, % 61 ± 8 60 ± 8 61 ± 7 60 ± 9 0.73
E, m/s 0.83 ± 0.29 0.67 ± 0.21 0.83 ± 0.26a 1.01 ± 0.30b,c <0.001
Septal e′, m/s 0.056 ± 0.019 0.058 ± 0.020 0.055 ± 0.019 0.055 ± 0.019 0.17
Lateral e′, m/s 0.076 ± 0.027 0.081 ± 0.026 0.074 ± 0.028a 0.073 ± 0.024b 0.020
Septal E/e′ 16.1 ± 6.5 11.8 ± 3.0 16.5 ± 6.4a 20.0 ± 6.9b,c <0.001
Lateral E/e′ 12.1 ± 5.3 8.5 ± 1.9 12.6 ± 5.5a 14.9 ± 5.3b,c <0.001
Average E/e′ 13.7 ± 5.5 9.7 ± 1.9 14.2 ± 5.6a 16.9 ± 5.4b,c <0.001
TRV, m/s 2.6 ± 0.4 2.4 ± 0.2 2.5 ± 0.4a 2.9 ± 0.5b,c <0.001
IVCmax, mm 13 (11-17) 12 (10-15) 13 (10-16)a 16 (13-19)b,c <0.0001
IVCmin, mm 7 (4-8) 4 (3-6) 6 (4-7)a 9 (7-12)b,c <0.0001
IVCC, % 55 ± 19 65 ± 14 56 ± 18a 44 ± 18b,c <0.001
LAVI, mL/m2 51 (36-64) 46 (32-62) 47 (36-61) 58 (45-78)b,c <0.0001
LV mass index, g/m2 101 (83-120) 100 (83-119) 101 (81-120) 104 (89-123) 0.34
Cardiac index, L/min/m2 2.57 (2.03-3.22) 2.52 (1.98-3.18) 2.61 (2.12-3.23) 2.57 (2.01-3.22) 0.78

Values are median (interquartile range) or mean ± SD. The statistical difference between variables is given for the comparison between echocardiographic congestion grades.

E = early transmitral flow peak velocity; e′ = early diastolic peak velocity of the mitral annular plane; E/e′ = the ratio of early transmitral flow peak velocity to early diastolic peak velocity of the mitral annular plane; EDVI = end-diastolic left ventricular volume index; ESVI = end-systolic left ventricular volume index; IVCC = inferior vena cava collapsibility; IVCmax = maximal diameter of inferior vena cava at expiration; IVCmin = minimal diameter of inferior vena cava with sniffing; LAVI = left atrial volume index; LV = left ventricular; LVEF = left ventricular ejection fraction; TRV = tricuspid regurgitation peak velocity.

a

P < 0.05, grade B versus grade A.

b

P < 0.05, grade C versus grade A.

c

P < 0.05, grade C versus grade B.