Table 2.
Echocardiographic Characteristics
| Total (N = 505) | Grade A (n = 153) | Grade B (n = 217) | Grade C (n = 135) | P Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EDVI, mL/m2 | 51 (39-65) | 40 (21-53) | 48 (38-65) | 52 (40-65) | 0.49 |
| ESVI, mL/m2 | 19 (14-26) | 21 (15-26) | 18 (13-25) | 20 (14-26) | 0.26 |
| LVEF, % | 61 ± 8 | 60 ± 8 | 61 ± 7 | 60 ± 9 | 0.73 |
| E, m/s | 0.83 ± 0.29 | 0.67 ± 0.21 | 0.83 ± 0.26a | 1.01 ± 0.30b,c | <0.001 |
| Septal e′, m/s | 0.056 ± 0.019 | 0.058 ± 0.020 | 0.055 ± 0.019 | 0.055 ± 0.019 | 0.17 |
| Lateral e′, m/s | 0.076 ± 0.027 | 0.081 ± 0.026 | 0.074 ± 0.028a | 0.073 ± 0.024b | 0.020 |
| Septal E/e′ | 16.1 ± 6.5 | 11.8 ± 3.0 | 16.5 ± 6.4a | 20.0 ± 6.9b,c | <0.001 |
| Lateral E/e′ | 12.1 ± 5.3 | 8.5 ± 1.9 | 12.6 ± 5.5a | 14.9 ± 5.3b,c | <0.001 |
| Average E/e′ | 13.7 ± 5.5 | 9.7 ± 1.9 | 14.2 ± 5.6a | 16.9 ± 5.4b,c | <0.001 |
| TRV, m/s | 2.6 ± 0.4 | 2.4 ± 0.2 | 2.5 ± 0.4a | 2.9 ± 0.5b,c | <0.001 |
| IVCmax, mm | 13 (11-17) | 12 (10-15) | 13 (10-16)a | 16 (13-19)b,c | <0.0001 |
| IVCmin, mm | 7 (4-8) | 4 (3-6) | 6 (4-7)a | 9 (7-12)b,c | <0.0001 |
| IVCC, % | 55 ± 19 | 65 ± 14 | 56 ± 18a | 44 ± 18b,c | <0.001 |
| LAVI, mL/m2 | 51 (36-64) | 46 (32-62) | 47 (36-61) | 58 (45-78)b,c | <0.0001 |
| LV mass index, g/m2 | 101 (83-120) | 100 (83-119) | 101 (81-120) | 104 (89-123) | 0.34 |
| Cardiac index, L/min/m2 | 2.57 (2.03-3.22) | 2.52 (1.98-3.18) | 2.61 (2.12-3.23) | 2.57 (2.01-3.22) | 0.78 |
Values are median (interquartile range) or mean ± SD. The statistical difference between variables is given for the comparison between echocardiographic congestion grades.
E = early transmitral flow peak velocity; e′ = early diastolic peak velocity of the mitral annular plane; E/e′ = the ratio of early transmitral flow peak velocity to early diastolic peak velocity of the mitral annular plane; EDVI = end-diastolic left ventricular volume index; ESVI = end-systolic left ventricular volume index; IVCC = inferior vena cava collapsibility; IVCmax = maximal diameter of inferior vena cava at expiration; IVCmin = minimal diameter of inferior vena cava with sniffing; LAVI = left atrial volume index; LV = left ventricular; LVEF = left ventricular ejection fraction; TRV = tricuspid regurgitation peak velocity.
P < 0.05, grade B versus grade A.
P < 0.05, grade C versus grade A.
P < 0.05, grade C versus grade B.