Table 1.
Characteristics of the Patients at Baseline
| RD-AVR (n = 107) | SAVR (n = 437) | TAVR (n = 476) |
P Value |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall Comparison | RD-AVR vs SAVR | RD-AVR vs TAVR | ||||
| Age, y | 70.3 ± 7.2 | 72.73 ± 6.4 | 79.1 ± 5.1 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Male | 57 (53.3) | 234 (53.6) | 232 (48.7) | 0.32 | >0.99 | 0.79 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 25.0 ± 3.6 | 24.6 ± 3.3 | 24.0 ± 3.3 | 0.002 | 0.34 | 0.006 |
| STS score, %a | 2.1 ± 1.6 | 2.1 ± 1.2 | 4.0 ± 2.8 | <0.001 | >0.99 | <0.001 |
| NYHA III or IV | 29 (27.1) | 80 (18.3) | 206 (43.3) | <0.001 | 0.08 | 0.004 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 30 (28.0) | 104 (23.8) | 151 (31.7) | 0.03 | 0.72 | 0.91 |
| Hypertension | 75 (70.1) | 281 (64.3) | 380 (79.8) | <0.001 | 0.52 | 0.06 |
| Current smoker | 8 (7.5) | 44 (10.1) | 42 (8.8) | 0.65 | 0.83 | >0.99 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 68 (63.6) | 279 (63.8) | 280 (58.8) | 0.27 | >0.99 | 0.74 |
| Previous MI | 2 (1.9) | 2 (0.5) | 20 (4.2) | 0.001 | 0.35 | 0.80 |
| Previous PCI | 11 (10.3) | 30 (6.9) | 109 (22.9) | <0.001 | 0.46 | 0.007 |
| Previous stroke | 9 (8.4) | 36 (8.2) | 56 (11.8) | 0.18 | >0.99 | 0.64 |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 5 (4.7) | 7 (1.6) | 24 (5.0) | 0.02 | 0.13 | >0.99 |
| Chronic lung disease | 8 (7.5) | 76 (17.4) | 101 (21.2) | 0.003 | 0.02 | 0.002 |
| Renal failureb | 6 (5.6) | 16 (3.7) | 27 (5.7) | 0.34 | 0.72 | >0.99 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 1 (0.9) | 16 (3.7) | 66 (13.9) | <0.001 | 0.43 | <0.001 |
| Pulmonary hypertensionc | 12 (11.2) | 85 (19.5) | 123 (25.8) | 0.001 | 0.09 | 0.002 |
| Aortic valve area, cm2 | 0.62 ± 0.15 | 0.63 ± 0.16 | 0.61 ± 0.16 | 0.27 | 0.90 | 0.65 |
| Aortic valve gradient, mm Hg | 62.7 ± 19.0 | 64.4 ± 21.8 | 60.0 ± 21.4 | 0.009 | 0.63 | 0.33 |
| Bicuspid aortic valve | 43 (40.19) | 156 (35.7) | 56 (11.76) | <0.001 | 0.78 | <0.001 |
| LVEF, % | 61.7 ± 9.2 | 59.4 ± 11.5 | 58.5 ± 11.1 | 0.006 | 0.16 | 0.005 |
| Moderate or severe regurgitation | ||||||
| Aortic valve | 23 (21.5) | 100 (22.9) | 52 (10.9) | <0.001 | >0.99 | 0.006 |
| Mitral valve | 2 (1.9) | 28 (6.4) | 29 (6.1) | 0.18 | 0.13 | 0.16 |
| Tricuspid valve | 1 (0.9) | 7 (1.6) | 15 (3.2) | 0.18 | >0.99 | 0.66 |
Values are mean ± SD or n (%). Categoric variables were compared by means of chi-square test or Fisher exact test (with post hoc Bonferroni test) and continuous variables were compared by means of analysis of variance (with post hoc Dunnett test) or Kruskal-Wallis test (with post hoc Bonferroni test).
AVR = aortic valve replacement; CABG = coronary artery bypass graft; COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; LVEF = left ventricular ejection fraction; MI = myocardial infarction; NYHA = New York Heart Association functional class; PCI = percutaneous coronary intervention; RD = rapid-deployment; SAVR = surgical aortic valve replacement; TAVR = transcatheter aortic valve replacement.
Society of Thoracic Surgeons Predicted Risk of Mortality (STS-PROM) scores range from 0 to 100%, with higher scores indicating a greater risk of death within 30 days after the procedure. STS-PROM uses an algorithm that is based on the presence of coexisting illnesses to predict 30-day operative mortality. The STS-PROM score equals the predicted mortality expressed as a percentage.
Renal failure was defined as serum creatinine ≥2 mg/dL or on dialysis.
Pulmonary hypertension was indicated by pulmonary artery systolic pressure ≥50 mm Hg.