Table 3.
Baseline characteristics of cases and controls
| Variables | Controls (n = 21) | Cases (n = 18) | P value* | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | SD | Mean | SD | ||
| Weight (kg) | 73.14 | 6.22 | 99.1 | 9.1 | < 0.001 |
| Height (cm) | 176.76 | 4.93 | 176.75 | 6.34 | 0.995 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 23.4 | 1.52 | 31.65 | 1.65 | < 0.001 |
| Waist (cm) | 91.0 | 5.35 | 110.92 | 5.64 | < 0.001 |
| Hip (cm) | 100.0 | 3.27 | 113.94 | 5.09 | < 0.001 |
| WHR | 0.91 | 0.04 | 0.97 | 0.05 | < 0.001 |
| Age (years) | 38.4 | 10.1 | 42.9 | 9.5 | 0.168 |
| n (%) | n (%) | P value* | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cancer family history (yes) | 5 (23.8) | 9 (50) | 0.089 | ||
| Colon cancer family history (yes) | 2 (9.5) | 5 (27.8) | 0.215 | ||
| NSAID use (yes) | 9 (42.9) | 12 (66.7) | 0.137 | ||
| Education | 0.382 | ||||
| Illiterate | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |||
| Under high school diploma | 4 (19) | 2 (11.1) | |||
| Between the high school diploma and bachelor's degree | 8 (38.1) | 11 (61.1) | |||
| Above the bachelor’s degree | 9 (42.9) | 5 (27.8) | |||
| Smoking status | 0.399 | ||||
| Never smoking | 11 (52.4) | 7 (38.9) | |||
| Smoker | 10 (47.6) | 11 (61.1) | |||
| Consumption of calcium supplement (yes) | 4 (19) | 1 (5.6) | 0.349 | ||
| Consumption of vitamin D supplement (yes) | 8 (38.1) | 6 (33.3) | 0.757 | ||
| Consumption of vitamin B supplement (yes) | 9 (42.9) | 5 (27.8) | 0.328 | ||
| Consumption of Omega 3 fatty acids supplement (yes) | 3 (14.3) | 2 (11.1) | 1 | ||
| Alcohol use (yes) | 7 (33.3) | 6 (33.3) | 1 | ||
| Red meat consumption | 0.846 | ||||
| < 2/week | 9 (42.9) | 7 (38.9) | |||
| 2–3/week | 5 (23.8) | 6 (33.3) | |||
| > 3/week | 7 (33.3) | 5 (27.8) | |||
WHR, waist to hip ratio; BMI, body mass index; NSAID, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
*Independent-samples t-test was used for continuous variables. Chi-square test and Fisher's exact or Fisher–Freeman–Halton test were used for categorical variables