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. 2022 Nov 1;8:126. doi: 10.1186/s40795-022-00615-7

Table 4.

Information on the use of prepared infant formula (infant formula and breast milk/infant formula users)a

All Child age First-born status
(n = 203)

< 6 months

(n = 98)

≥ 6 months

(n = 105)

p value

First-born

(n = 113)

Later-born

(n = 90)

p value
Does the infant formula you use have the label “Infant formula in powdered form " or “Infant formula in liquid form “?
(1) Yes 92.1 (187)b 91.8 (90)c 92.4 (97)d 0.886 94.7(107)e 88.9 (80)f 0.128
(2) No 7.9 (16) 8.2 (8) 7.6 (8) 5.3(6) 11.1 (10)
Which of the following do you use most often?
(1) Infant formula in powdered form 96.1 (195) 96.9 (95) 95.2 (100) 0.534 99.1(112) 92.2 (83) 0.012*
(2) Infant formula in liquid form 3.9 (8) 3.1 (3) 4.8 (5) 0.9(1) 7.8 (7)
Where do you buy most of your infant formula?
(1) Supermarket 6.4 (13) 6.1 (6) 6.7 (7) 0.086 7.1(8) 5.6 (5) 0.309
(2) Drug stores and pharmacies 53.7 (109) 52.0 (51) 55.2 (58) 47.8(54) 61.1 (55)
(3) Online shop 28.1 (57) 34.7 (34) 21.9 (23) 31.9(36) 23.3 (21)
(4) Others 11.8 (24) 7.1 (7) 16.2 (17) 13.3(15) 10.0 (9)
Who among the following has chosen to use infant formula?
(1) Mother 94.1 (191) 91.8(90) 96.2 (101) 0.468 92.9 (105) 95.6 (86) 0.695
(2) Father 3.4 (7) 4.1 (4) 2.9 (3) 3.5(4) 3.3 (3)
(3) Family 0.5 (1) 1.0 (1) 0 (0) 0.9(1) 0 (0)
(4) Friends 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0(0) 0 (0)
(5) Health professionals 2.0 (4) 3.1 (3) 1.0 (1) 2.7(3) 1.1 (1)
(6) Others 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0(0) 0 (0)
Who among the following is most likely to purchase infant formula?
(1) Mother 75.9 (154) 68.4 (67) 82.9 (87) 0.042* 70.8(80) 82.2 (74) 0.160
(2) Father 20.2 (41) 25.5 (25) 15.2 (16) 24.8(28) 14.4 (13)
(3) Family 3.9 (8) 6.1 (6) 1.9 (2) 4.4(5) 3.3 (3)
(4) Friends 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0(0) 0 (0)
(5) Others 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0(0) 0 (0)

aThe numbers in parentheses represent the proportions of total participants

bAll participants who answered for infant formula and breast milk/infant formula (n = 203)

cThe proportion of infants aged < 6 months whose mothers answered infant formula and breast milk/infant formula (n = 98)

dThe proportion of those  ≥ 6 months of age whose mothers answered infant formula and breast milk/infant formula (n = 105)

eThe proportion of mothers with a first-born, who answered for infant formula and breast milk/infant formula (n = 113)

fThe proportion of mothers with children later-born, who answered for infant formula and breast milk/infant formula (n = 90)