Table 1.
Demographics, lifestyle, comorbidities, and previous COVID-19 characteristics of SARD patients at COVID-19 onset by outpatient SARS-CoV-2 treatment (n=704).
| Characteristic | All SARD patients with COVID-19 (n=704) | Outpatient treatment | No treatment (n=278) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Any treatment (n=426)* | Nirmatrelvir/ritonavir (n=307) | Monoclonal antibody (n=105) | |||
| Demographics | |||||
| Mean age (SD), years | 58.4 (15.9) | 58.3 (15.6) | 57.1 (14.9) | 61.2 (17.5) | 58.7 (16.4) |
| Female | 536 (76.4%) | 331 (77.7%) | 235 (76.6%) | 83 (80.0%) | 205 (73.7%) |
| Race | |||||
| Asian | 20 (2.8%) | 11 (2.6%) | 9 (2.9%) | 1 (1.0%) | 9 (3.2%) |
| Black or African American | 39 (5.5%) | 19 (4.5%) | 15 (4.9%) | 4 (3.8%) | 20 (7.2%) |
| Other | 36 (5.1%) | 20 (4.7%) | 16 (5.2%) | 4 (3.8%) | 16 (5.8%) |
| White | 590 (83.8%) | 367 (86.2%) | 259 (84.4%) | 95 (90.5%) | 223 (80.2%) |
| Unknown | 19 (2.7%) | 9 (2.1%) | 8 (2.6%) | 1 (1.0%) | 10 (3.6%) |
| Hispanic or Latinx ethnicity | 7 (1.0%) | 5 (1.2%) | 4 (1.3%) | 1 (1.0%) | 2 (1.0%) |
| Lifestyle | |||||
| Mean body mass index (SD), kg/m2 | 27.7 (7.8) | 28.1 (7.4) | 27.7 (7.3) | 28.9 (7.4) | 27.0 (8.3) |
| Smoking status | |||||
| Never | 412 (58.5%) | 260 (61.0%) | 202 (65.8%) | 50 (47.6%) | 152 (54.7%) |
| Past | 244 (34.7%) | 146 (34.7%) | 92 (30.0%) | 48 (45.7%) | 98 (35.4%) |
| Current | 31 (4.4%) | 15 (3.5%) | 9 (2.9%) | 6 (5.7%) | 16 (5.8%) |
| Unknown | 17 (2.4%) | 5 (1.2%) | 4 (1.3%) | 1 (1.0%) | 12 (4.3%) |
| Comorbidities | |||||
| Median Charlson Comorbidity Index (IQR) | 1 (1, 3) | 1 (1, 3) | 1 (1, 2) | 2 (1, 5) | 2 (1, 4) |
| Charlson Comorbidity Index categories | |||||
| 0 | 100 (14.2%) | 56 (13.2%) | 47 (15.3%) | 8 (7.6%) | 44 (15.8%) |
| 1 | 272 (38.6%) | 180 (42.3%) | 151 (49.2%) | 25 (23.8%) | 92 (33.1%) |
| 2 | 116 (16.5%) | 75 (17.6%) | 51 (16.6%) | 22 (21.0%) | 41 (14.8%) |
| ≥3 | 216 (30.7%) | 115 (27.0%) | 58 (18.9%) | 50 (47.6%) | 101 (36.3%) |
| Individual comorbidities | |||||
| Hypertension | 301 (42.8%) | 167 (39.2%) | 103 (33.6%) | 57 (54.3%) | 134 (48.2%) |
| Asthma | 112 (15.9%) | 68 (16.0%) | 43 (14.0%) | 22 (21.0%) | 44 (15.8%) |
| Cancer excluding non-melanoma skin cancer | 106 (15.1%) | 57 (13.4%) | 34 (11.1%) | 21 (20.0%) | 49 (17.6%) |
| Coronary artery disease | 98 (13.9%) | 53 (12.4%) | 23 (7.5%) | 26 (24.8%) | 45 (16.2%) |
| Chronic kidney disease | 95 (13.5%) | 51 (12.0%) | 28 (9.0%) | 20 (19.1%) | 44 (15.8%) |
| Diabetes | 90 (12.8%) | 43 (10.1%) | 19 (6.2%) | 19 (18.1%) | 47 (16.9%) |
| Heart failure | 64 (9.1%) | 26 (6.1%) | 4 (1.3%) | 19 (18.1%) | 38 (13.7%) |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 44 (6.3%) | 20 (4.7%) | 4 (1.3%) | 15 (14.3%) | 24 (8.6%) |
| Interstitial lung disease | 42 (6.0%) | 20 (4.7%) | 9 (2.9%) | 11 (10.5%) | 22 (7.9%) |
| Median eGFR (IQR), mL/min/1.73 m2 | 87 (71, 100.5) | 86 (71, 101) | 88 (77, 101) | 80 (64, 97) | 87.5 (70, 100) |
| Categorical eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2 | |||||
| ≥60 | 614 (87.2%) | 378 (88.7%) | 284 (92.5%) | 86 (81.9%) | 236 (84.9%) |
| ≥30 to <60 | 75 (10.6%) | 42 (9.9%) | 23 (7.5%) | 14 (13.3%) | 33 (11.9%) |
| <30 | 15 (2.1%) | 6 (1.4%) | 0 (0.00%) | 5 (4.8%) | 9 (3.2%) |
| Previous COVID-19 immunity | |||||
| Vaccination status | |||||
| Unvaccinated | 27 (3.8%) | 9 (2.1%) | 8 (2.6%) | 1 (1.0%) | 18 (6.5%) |
| Partially vaccinated | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) |
| 2 doses mRNA or 1 dose adenovirus | 112 (15.9%) | 56 (13.2%) | 41 (13.4%) | 13 (12.4%) | 56 (20.1%) |
| Additional doses | 565 (80.3%) | 361 (84.7%) | 258 (84.0%) | 91 (86.7%) | 204 (73.4%) |
| Tixagevimab/cilgavimab use | 12 (1.7%) | 8 (1.9%) | 5 (1.6%) | 3 (1.9%) | 4 (1.4%) |
| Previous COVID-19 infection | 10 (1.4%) | 8 (1.8%) | 8 (2.6%) | 0 (0.0%) | 2 (0.7%) |
*
Characteristics of other outpatient treatments: molnupiravir use (n=5), remdesivir use (n=3), and combination use (n=6; 4 received nirmatrelvir/ritonavir and monoclonal antibodies and 2 received molnupiravir and monoclonal antibodies) are shown in Supplemental Table 3.
COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; IQR, interquartile range; SARD, systemic autoimmune rhematic disease; SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; SD, standard deviation.