Table 4.
Changes in cognitive performance following 4 weeks of treatment with a high-cannabidiol (CBD) sublingual product: autoregressive linear mixed models (Two-Tailed).
| Cognitive Assessment | Mixed Model | Baseline n = 14 (ref.) | Week 4 n = 14 | Baseline to Week 4 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| F p (ηp2) | Mean [95% CI] | Estimate (p) [95% CI] | Percent Change | |
| Stroop color word test | ||||
| Interference time (s) |
15.13 0.002 (0.54) |
101.93 [89.21, 114.65] |
−11.36 (0.002) [−17.66, −5.05] |
−11.14% |
| Interference accuracy (%) |
0.02 0.900 (<0.01) |
98.79 [98.03, 99.54] |
−0.07 (0.900) [−1.28, 1.14] |
−0.07% |
| Trail making test (TMT) | ||||
| Trails B time (s) |
0.01 0.932 (<0.01) |
59.07 [42.48, 75.66] |
−0.64 (0.932) [−16.55, 15.26] |
−1.09% |
| Trails B errors |
1.09 0.315 (0.08) |
0.29 [−0.24, 0.81] |
0.36 (0.315) [−0.38, 1.09] |
125.00% |
| Multi-source interference task (MSIT)a | ||||
| Interference response time (ms) |
12.05 0.006 (0.55) |
919.16 [842.86, 995.46] |
−66.53 (0.006) [−109.23, −23.82] |
−7.24% |
| Interference commissions |
9.07 0.013 (0.48) |
7.55 [5.32, 9.77] |
−4.09 (0.013) [−7.12, −1.06] |
−54.22% |
| Interference omissions |
1.37 0.268 (0.12) |
3.82 [−0.29, 7.93] |
−3.27 (0.268) [−9.50, 2.95] |
−85.71% |
| Wisconsin card sorting task (WCST) | ||||
| Concept level response |
11.31 0.005 (0.47) |
36.71 [27.62, 45.81] |
7.07 (0.005) [2.53, 11.61] |
19.26% |
| Total correct |
7.04 0.020 (0.35) |
43.57 [37.10, 50.05] |
3.79 (0.020) [0.70, 6.87] |
8.69% |
| Total categories |
8.16 0.013 (0.39) |
2.86 [1.95, 3.76] |
0.64 (0.013) [0.16, 1.13] |
22.50% |
| Total perseverative errors |
3.79 0.073 (0.23) |
11.57 [5.70, 17.44] |
−2.00 (0.073) [−4.22, 0.22] |
−17.28% |
| Letter-number sequencing (LNS) | ||||
| LNS total |
3.83 0.072 (0.23) |
12.50 [11.25, 13.75] |
0.93 (0.072) [−0.10, 1.95] |
7.43% |
| Digit symbol substitution task (DSST) | ||||
| DSST total |
0.60 0.451 (0.04) |
60.57 [54.00, 67.14] |
1.21 (0.451) [−2.16, 4.59] |
2.00% |
| Controlled oral word association task (COWAT) | ||||
| Adjusted score |
0.05 0.836 (0.05) |
50.79 [42.54, 59.03] |
0.36 (0.836) [−3.29, 4.01] |
0.70% |
| Categories |
1.71 0.213 (0.12) |
25.43 [22.06, 28.80] |
−1.93 (0.213) [−5.11, 1.25] |
−7.58% |
| Benton visual retention task (BVRT) | ||||
| BVRT total |
0.21 0.657 (0.02) |
7.50 [6.41, 8.59] |
−0.21 (0.657) [−1.23, 0.80] |
−2.86% |
| Rey auditory verbal learning task (RAVLT) | ||||
| Trials 1–5: total correct |
3.74 0.075 (0.22) |
52.14 [47.65, 56.54] |
−3.00 (0.075) [−6.35, 0.35] |
−5.75% |
| Short delay: correct |
0.39 0.542 (0.03) |
10.50 [8.61, 12.39] |
−0.36 (0.542) [−1.59, 0.88] |
−3.40% |
| Long delay: correct |
0.07 0.800 (0.01) |
10.29 [8.41, 12.16] |
−0.14 (0.800) [−1.34, 1.05] |
−1.39% |
Bold numbers are significant at p ≤ 0.025 for 2 timepoints.
Significance is only noted for estimates relative to the baseline reference group.
an = 11: first 3 patients did not complete the MSIT.