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. 2022 Oct 31;20(4):236–247. doi: 10.1038/s41569-022-00797-4

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Fig. 2 — Sex chromosomes and sex hormones are active throughout the entire life cycle, starting in germ cells and continuing in the embryo, fetus, child, adult, and aged and diseased individual. Biological factors interact with the sociocultural dimension of gender (including psychological attributes, the physical and social environment, and lifestyle) at all stages of the life course. Adapted with permission from ref.³⁴.